Four seven- to ten-year-old boys with autistic behavior were examined with behavioral and observational measures in a peer mediated training, an integrated generalization assessment, and a segregated generalization assessment setting. Results favored the developmentally integrated condition for increases of positive social behaviors. (Author/MC)

Examines a technique for data collection in adult education research that lends itself to conditions in which organizations are viewed as community. Outlines procedures for participant-observation research. (Availability: Dept. of Adult Education, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506) (SK)

Responds to an earlier comment, in a continuing discussion of Parsonian functional imperatives and their basis in observation, their intellectual status, their ability to be tested empirically, and the number of imperatives. (RW)

Twenty-two subjects (school-age children, their younger siblings, and their best friends) were observed in their homes while playing a popular board game. Five roles were operationalized and observed: teacher, learner, manager, managee, and playmate. (Author/RH)

Presents an abridged version of a chapter from the author's book "In Quest of Telescopes." Includes personal experiences at Kitt Peak National Observatory, and comments on telescopes, photographs, and making observations. (SK)

The article reports the effects of step-by-step integration of four cognitively and/or behaviorally handicapped preschool children in a day care program designed to serve nonhandicapped children. Results were mixed. Journal availability: see EC 133 846. (Author)

Data collected through a time sampling procedure of eight staff and six resident behaviors indicated that licensed residential units for the mentally retarded were just as derelict as unlicensed units in providing habilitative programing for their retarded residents. (Author)

The effectiveness of using video replays to judge gymnastics vaulting was examined by determining reliability of judges' scores and comparing mean scores for original (live) vaults and replays. Statistical analyses suggest that variability of scores was greater after the live vault, and that judges' reliability may be enhanced by replays.…

Studies in applied behavior analysis have used two expressions of reliability for human observations: percentage agreement and correlational techniques (including the phi coefficient). Formulas for converting percentage agreement scores to phi coefficients and vice versa are presented. (Author/RL)

The article describes an evaluation procedure that observes the child's ability to use specific learning strategies. By extending on and manipulating initial responses, the procedures help determine the amount of interaction needed to influence a child's performance and identify the kinds of instructional interactions that exercise control over…

The Teacher-Student Instructional Interaction Observation System was designed for use by supervising teachers, educational consultants, and psychologists to provide teachers with feedback for improving the learning of low functioning, visually impaired students. (Author)

Data reported here were gathered in three educational research settings (a single school, a school district, and a research center/school district team). Described are perceptions of subjects of ethnographic observation (teachers, administrators, and program coordinators) regarding ethnographic techniques, the roles of ethnographers, and their own…

In this study the responses of 40 one to two and a half-year olds to social messages congruent across the visual and auditory channels and discrepant social messages were measured. (CM)

This study investigated the parameters of the smile as a signal. (Subjects were 733 adults of both sexes.) It was hypothesized for adults that gender influences rates of smiling, that smiles effectively elicit smile responses and that a social milieu increases smile responses. (MS)

Discusses the utility of heart rate recordings in several areas of research: (1) construct validation, (2) determination of the functional or adaptive significance of behaviors, (3) observation and hypothesis generation, and (4) assessment of process and outcome in the treatment of artistic children. (Author/SB)