The present descriptions of play of children two to five are based on the theory that the four processes of understanding include four different emphases: (1) imitation, (2) exploration, (3) prediction, and (4) construction (building, etc.). Therefore, the categories of children's play discussed are transformations of each of these types. Play is…

The report summarizes the aims of a 3-year program of work concerned with psychological factors in solar observing. Part I identifies several psychological factors which may affect solar observing and outlines a program of research. Part II is a report of a program of studies dealing with the application of visual perceptions in solar flare…

The author contends that the openness of a program can be determined by the opportunities which are provided for certain behaviors, activities, and events to occur. Even though the specific content of the open education programs may vary, the degrees of freedom for behaving or the relative presence of opportunity for diverse involvement do not.…

The technique of macroanalysis has been developed to facilitate the process of examining patterns of behavior. In this technique, sequentially recorded observational data are computer-analyzed in units of three or more codes. Behavior patterns that have been identified from observational data are collected so that the sequence of individual…

Describes a career awareness program in which focused shadow experiences with General Electric employees are a key element. For two years these shadow experiences were systematically observed and analyzed to clarify actual process elements in the experiences, and to assess their effectiveness in achieving shadow experience objectives. (Author)

Psychiatric diagnostic labels influenced all evaluations made by 90 nursing students viewing filmed play interviews with children labeled normal, schizophrenic, and obsessive compulsive. (CL)

Examines the effect on observer agreement when reliability measurement is switched from an overt system to two successive systems of covert measurement. Subjects were 17 undergraduate psychology students. (BD)

This study indicates that it is possible to define and demonstrate the relevance of a number of nonverbal cues that can be used as raters or reasons for assessment of teacher behavior. Findings indicate a major difference in the order and relevance of predictors used. (JMF)

It is suggested that the low reliability of five low-inference and two high-inference classroom observation systems are due not to lack of agreement among rates, but to apparent variation in teacher behavior across occasions. (Author/MJB)

Effects of model status and offender type on imitation of self-reward criteria were examined. Immature-inadequate and gang-oriented offenders viewed videotapes of models who were either stringent or liberal in self-reward criteria and were either staff members or peers. Subjects viewing the liberal model rewarded themselves more. (Author)

Advises beginning reporters how to obtain the three major ingredients of the news story: relevant factual material from direct observation; information from authoritative, knowledgeable, and reliable sources; and significant background material. (Author/GW)

A sample of 40 babies was observed in a variety of mildly challenging situations throughout their second year and in a series of follow-up assessments at age 31/2. Findings revealed two types of avoidant mechanism--wariness of the unfamiliar and fearfulness after exposure to a mildly difficult situation. (JMB)

Child-child interactions were observed in 2 preschools during free-play time and were recorded in terms of social initiations and responses. The degree of reciprocity in the quantity and quality of overall initiations as well as among the various initiation response dyads was analyzed. (Author/JMB)

Discusses reading instruction methods observed in Japanese classrooms. (MKM)

Naturalistic home observations of 54 preterm infants and their caregivers were made when the infants were 1, 3, and 8 months of age. Differences were found in the kinds of everyday transactions which occur with preterm infants raised with and without siblings. (Author/JMB)