Research supported by a Public Health Service Grant from the National Institute of Mental Health and a grant from the National Science Foundation.

Work sampling is a managerial accounting technique which provides information about the efficiency of an operation. This analysis determines what tasks are being performed durinq a period of time to ascertain if time and effort are being allocated efficiently. (SK)

Investigated whether, in a sample of 30 infants, anger could reliably be observed in facial expressions as early as seven months of age. Also considered was the influence of several variables on anger responses: infants' familiarity with the frustrator, repetition of trials, and sex of the child. (Author/RH)

Results obtained from observations of the interactions of 20 mother/infant pairs supported the hypothesis that high interactional stability would be strongly linked to low levels of crying during social attention. (MP)

The Levels of Verbal Intimacy Technique (LOVIT) was developed as an observational system to document verbal interaction in groups. Although rating-scale data produced information confirming order and interval spacing of six categories derived from theoretical assumptions about developmental processes in T-groups, more investigation is needed about…

Reviews research on the effects of classroom observers upon both teachers and pupils. Discusses strategies used by researchers to obtain credibility in the eyes of the teachers being observed and those used by teachers to cope with the researchers in the classroom. (NRJ)

Direct observations were made of children's behavior in 28 educable mentally retarded (EMR) classrooms with 328 students, and these data were compared with clusters of dimensions from classroom environment scales completed by classroom teachers. (Author/SW)

Reviews eight recent observational studies of school administrators and criticizes the studies' use of "time and motion" assumptions drawn from Frederick Winslow Taylor's ideas. Outlines an alternate approach based on "thick" description of administrators' work, including their talk, as exemplified in James Boswell's biography…

Qualitative, or ethnographic, inquiry seeks understanding of human behavior from the participants' own frame of reference. Since business education research is designed to investigate and understand the environment of work to prepare people for occupations, qualitative research enables a deeper comprehension of human interactions than the…

Describes strategy for helping student-teachers systematically and consciously plan their lessons using sequence "overview, prime, drill, and check." Author believes this method reduces new teacher insecurity and can be used as means of analyzing the teaching and learning accomplished in class. (Author/BK)

It appeared that the normal children made heroic but unsuccessful attempts to establish contact with DS children but eventually give up, with the result that the DS child becomes an isolate in the group--interacting with none except the adult helpers. (Author/SB)

The authors review the impact of research hypotheses and subject characteristics on the validity of observations. About half of the research articles ran substantial risk of biased observation; in about three-fourths of these articles, no precautions were taken by the researchers to safeguard the validity of their observations. (Author)