This study investigated the use of the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS) with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Eighty-eight persons with either relapsing-remitting or progressive type MS drew a Person Picking an Apple from a Tree, and completed a Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS). FEATS scores were compared to BDI-FS scores…

The design, flexibility, and iterative nature that is inherent to Universal Design for Learning (UDL) makes it difficult to consistently measure. With federal policy encouraging the implementation of UDL, there is an increased need for practitioners to reliably measure the occurrence of UDL. The UDL Observation Measurement Tool (UDL-OMT) was…

As children enter kindergarten, some are more academically prepared than others for a variety of reasons. One influence on kindergarten preparation is prior preschool experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between children's mathematical literacy at kindergarten entry and preschool attendance, preschool type…

Forty anatomy articles were sampled from English Wikipedia and assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, each article's edit history was analyzed by Wikipedia X-tools, references and media were counted manually, and two readability indices were used to evaluate article readability. This analysis revealed that each article was…

Online practice quizzes can be used to supplement instruction in the classroom. Such quizzes can engage retrieval practice, thereby improving learning and retention. However, despite their potential benefits, recent work suggests that students typically underutilize online practice quizzes. This article reports an observational classroom study, in…

Play is central to children's learning and development in the early years, including the learning of mathematics. The aim of the present study was to explore how play skills are related to mathematical skills in toddlers by examining the correlations between different kinds of play skills and mathematical skills, and how level of play skills is…

We make a distinction between the operational practice of using an observed score to assess differential item functioning (DIF) and the concept of departure from measurement invariance (DMI) that conditions on a latent variable. DMI and DIF indices of effect sizes, based on the Mantel-Haenszel test of common odds ratio, converge under restricted…

The construct validity of the International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR) has yet to be investigated using a gold-standard individually administered intelligence battery. The present study used a convenience sample of 97 students to examine the respective relations between the ICAR16 and overall intelligence (g) and the Cattell-Horn-Carroll…

A typical mathematics assignment consists of a block of problems devoted to the same topic, yet several classroom-based randomized controlled trials have found that students obtain higher test scores when most practice problems are mixed with different kinds of problems--a format known as interleaved practice. Interleaving prevents students from…

Research Findings: Given the variable nature of early childhood settings, practitioners and researchers need better guidance on what conditions influence observations conducted within early childhood settings (National Research Council, 2008). Using 230 observations from 23 three- and four-year-old children, we conducted a Generalizability study…

Timed examinations continue to be a common educational assessment method employed to evaluate a student's knowledge, ability and skills in their subject area. Extra time is the most common adjustment that students with specific learning difficulties (SpLD) are granted in these exams. This adjustment aims to provide students with SpLD parity with…

In test-centered standard-setting methods, borderline performance can be represented by many different profiles of strengths and weaknesses. As a result, asking panelists to estimate item or test performance for a hypothetical group study of borderline examinees, or a typical borderline examinee, may be an extremely difficult task and one that can…

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between item g and test score X, known as item-test or item-total correlation ("Rit"), and item-rest correlation ("Rir") are two of the most used classical estimators for item discrimination power (IDP). Both "Rit" and "Rir" underestimate IDP caused by the…

A typical mathematics assignment consists of a block of problems devoted to the same topic, yet several classroom-based randomized controlled trials have found that students obtain higher test scores when most practice problems are mixed with different kinds of problems -- a format known as interleaved practice. Interleaving prevents students from…

This study introduces the first Arabic Vocabulary Levels Test (Arabic-VLT), created for foreign learners of Arabic. We present compelling evidence to substantiate its validity and reliability. The Arabic-VLT was developed according to five levels, beginning with the most frequently used words (Level 1) to the least frequently used ones (Level 5),…