This study, involving five college students observing behavior of individuals with mental retardation, found that interobserver agreement was better in the presence of certain stimuli (such as when the subject's peers were present versus when they were not). Of 10 additional variables thought to potentially affect agreement scores, 1 (can't see,…

John Burroughs was a poet-naturalist who spent most of his life during the late 1800s and early 1900s living in a rustic cabin that he built almost entirely from native materials. Burroughs suggested that becoming a good observer of nature was a function of the whole person and the power of concentrated attention, and not of the eyes alone. (LP)

Observation of 740 classes examined the experiences that students in vocational, nonvocational, and business classes are having to determine if change is desirable. Findings revealed a typical business class environment, emphasis on technical skills, and limited opportunity for interaction or focus on work-related skills. (JOW)

Using conceptual change as theoretical lens, describes the structure of (n=4) learners' conceptual ecology within biological evolution and illustrates how this ecology influences the process of conceptual change. Prior conceptions relate to evolutionary theory, scientific and religious orientations, view of biological world, and acceptance of…

Four British teachers were observed for one year teaching classes with and without an enterprise approach. They did not teach in a predominantly student-centered way in enterprise lessons, though they were less directive. Tasks in enterprise classes had minimal intellectual challenge and did not emphasize open-ended inquiry. (SK)

The growing dissatisfaction with current methods for rating affective symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatry necessitates the development of additional reliable methods of evaluating mood disorders. Reviews the limitations of self-report and interview assessment techniques as contrasted with observationally-based rating scales. (JPS)

Observers and mothers rated infant behavior in the home on dimensions of temperament once a week for eight weeks. Although week-to-week correlations were modest, aggregates of the eight observations had high reliability for both observers and mothers. When direct observations were compared with mother reports, little evidence of mother-observer…

Responses from 367 small businesses were used to formulate a four-step process audit: (1) business owner questionnaire; (2) interviews with owners and key personnel; (3) intensive observation; and (4) presentation of a detailed report. The process identifies areas of effectiveness/success and areas needing immediate or long-term action. (SK)

Observations of classroom practices of 2 teachers teaching the concept of square root in classrooms of 14- to 15-year olds found that the work that really took place in the classroom was often concentrated on different knowledge than that which the teacher wished to convey. (22 references) (MKR)

Analyzed metaphors used by science teachers in their classroom discourse and their influence on the image of science constructed by students. The use of role-determining objectivist metaphors signifies teachers' pedagogies being governed by an objectivist epistemology. Teachers need to reflect critically on their use of metaphors to develop a…

Y. S. Lincoln and E. G. Guba consider L. Sechrest's comments on their book "Fourth Generation Evaluation" as less a criticism than an attempt to demolish. D. M. Fetterman also objects to much of Sechrest's address. E. J. Posavac generally agrees with conclusions of Welch and Sternhagen. (SLD)

Six middle management continuing educators observed for three working days spent time as follows: 12 percent phone calls, 22 percent desk work, 31 percent scheduled meetings, 17 percent unscheduled meetings, 3 percent observing subordinates, and 7 percent travel. The workday was characterized by "hot action"--decision making in short bursts of…

With their principal's support, nine teachers at a Colorado elementary school developed a voluntary peer-appraisal process. The group met socially throughout the year to build trusting relationships, address process concerns, and explore learning possibilities. The first group of evaluated teachers provided valuable feedback and gained great…

A theory of visual information acquisition and visual memory is described that conjoins two models that have been used to describe low-level perceptual and higher level cognitive processes. Six experiments with 21 adult observers generally support the theory, although some weakness is discussed. (SLD)

This paper presents Professional Practical Knowledge research as a method for studying the observable action and invisible knowledge of early intervention service providers. The research provides practitioners with a special window through which intervention practices can be seen from a fresh perspective. The paper addresses the method's…