Describes an approach to facilitating students' understanding of themselves and others. It utilizes attribution theory, perceptual psychology, and literature to help students understand what leads people--themselves and others--to do the things they do. (Author/RK)

Examined the Jesness Inventories, a test series designed for use in the classification and treatment of disturbed children and adolescents, of 72 male juvenile offenders to see whether personality differences existed between the profiles of juvenile delinquents and status offenders. Considers treatment ramifications and empirical evidence as aids…

The salience of encoding attributes in instances of differing levels of category membership was examined using the release from proactive interference (PI) task with college students. Results are discussed in terms of providing converging evidence for Rosch's (1973,1975) theory of semantic category structure. (Editor/RK)

Two experiments demonstrate that individuals are limited in the number of unrelated words they can apprehend and assign to a particular semantic dimension and also that retrieval from long-term memory is subject to the same kind of limitation. (Author/RK)

This study addresses the concept of "absentee-proneness", the notion that a small percentage of employees are responsible for a great percentage of absenteeism. Results showed that a core of employees was responsible for the vast majority of absenteeism in any one quarter, but that the core changed from quarter to quarter. (Editor)

Examines certain theoretical explanations of attention disorders in chronic nonparanoid schizophrenics that have been presented by several authors in the context of interference theory. Attempts to clarify divergencies in their theoretical assumptions by replicating and extending their research findings. (Author/RK)

Older people seem to have difficulty learning new materials, perhaps because it takes them longer to retrieve relevant encoding information from memory. To assess the effects of age on speed of retrieval, 60 health males from 25 to 74 were shown pictures of common objects they were name aloud as quickly as possible. (Editor)

Hypothesis refining is the combining of two separate rules (conjunctive concept), the combination of which is more accurate than either rule alone. Each of 70 subjects was reinforced independently for either rule alone or their combination under one and only one of seven reinforcement conditions. Tests Verplanck's paradigm, a model for studying…

This study tested competing interpretations of IQ deficit in schizophrenic patients. One interpretation (concomitancy hypothesis) holds that IQ loss is a product of schizophrenic symptoms and is remedied as the symptoms remit. The second (prodromal hypothesis) holds that IQ deficit preceeds and facilitates the development of schizophrenic disorder…

The effectiveness of the Wechsler Memory Scale as a screening test for brain dysfunction when used with "new" scoring procedures was assessed in this cross-validation study. (Editor)

Three experiments contrasted subjects' memory for verbal and figural displays. Data are discussed in terms of a multiple coding model, which is suggested as a more fruitful approach than single-code models such as those proposed by Pylyshyn or Anderson and Bower. (Editor/RK)

Response latency (RL), accuracy, and confidence data were obtained from six subjects, each tested for 20 experimental sessions in a long-term recognition memory paradigm. Based on signal detection theory assumptions, functions were derived that described the relationship between RL and the separation of test item and criterion along a theoretical…

In a factorial experiment, 90 male and 90 female subjects were given (a) either instructions to increase heart rate (HR), decrease HR, or no instructions to change their HR; (b) either true biofeedback, false biofeedback, or no biofeedback; and (c) either instructions concerning cognitions to help them change HR or no instructions concerning…

Marks (1973) and Gur & Hilgard (1975) have reported success in predicting performance in visual-memory tasks from scores in a questionnare of self-rated vividness of imagery, i.e. the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ; Marks, 1973). These findings were disconfirmed in two experiments in which the VVIQ was used and vivid pictures…

The influence of stimulus number and familiarity on judged duration were investigated. Results showed that the number of stimulus elements presented within a given interval affected its perceived duration, although the familiarity of those elements (as defined herein) did not. (Editor/RK)