Investigated friendship patterns among four-year-old mildly developmentally delayed and three- and four-year-old nonhandicapped children participating in a series of mainstreamed playgroups. Most children preferred a specific peer, but only a few mildly delayed children and three-year-olds were able to establish reciprocal friendships. (SKC)

Used four experiments to examine retrieval access and item-by-item search processes and strategies in the cued recall of children in grades 3 and 6, and of adults. Results suggested that retrieval access is a problem for young children and contributes strongly to developmental increases in recall. Adults used retrieval strategies, although search…

Four experiments examined the contribution of item-by-item retrieval search processes to developmental differences in cued recall. Results indicated that developmental cued recall differences remained even when access, constraint, search object, and knowledge base problems were controlled or minimized. (SKC)

In two experiments, 168 subjects aged 8-22 years performed visual search and memory search tasks (experiment 1) or memory search, mental rotation, analogical reasoning, and mental addition tasks (experiment 2). Increases with age in speeds of visual and memory search were described well by exponential functions. (SKC)

Examined changes in attitudes of 56 fifth grade students toward products, recall of product information, and the relationship between attitudes and recall. Found better recall for immediate rather than delayed testing. Attitudes remained relatively stable. (SKC)

Investigated the processes that 158 children in grades 3 through 6 used for spelling. Children had the most difficulty with spellings based on morphological information and the least with those based on invariant sound-spelling relationships. (SKC)

A computational model of the neural substrates of elementary associate learning is developed. It is used to demonstrate that several higher order features of classical conditioning could be elaborations of the known cellular mechanisms for simple associative learning. (Author/LMO)

Updated by five years the research of Strahan (1982) who noted trend toward multiple authorship in "Journal of Counseling Psychology" (JCP) articles, and also examined "The Counseling Psychologist" (TCP). Concluded that the trend toward multiple authorship in JCP and TCP may be leveling off. (Author/KS)

Subjects in a study of analogic reasoning use in learning a computer language read text describing an invented LISP dialect and then solved problems and described language constructs. Five of six factors studied indicating use of analogy with a familiar computer language showed statistically significant results, supporting the hypothesis.…

Discusses the relationship between conceptual frameworks and methodology in psychology. Argues that models of reality influence research in terms of question selection, causal factors hypothesized, and interpretation of data. Considers the position and role of women as objects and agents of research using a sociology of knowledge perspective.…

Reviews the literature on educational research and development on Spanish-speaking Latin American children and the contributions of psychology to these two activities. Contends that many practices that influence this research were developed in Western Europe and Latin America and do not adequately consider cultural and social differences in pupil…

Assessed the adequacy of reporting the use of observers in counseling research. Each sampled article was classified according to the use made of the observer, the type and length of training given the observer, and the assessments made of the observers' reliability and validity. (Author/JAC)

Early issues of "School Science and Mathematics" were used to investigate the writings of women educators and their role in education. Identified articles by women authors and discussed how the integration of science and mathematics, psychology and other issues, and references to women were treated. (MNS)

Based on responses to the American Psychological Association's (APA) 1982 Human Resources Survey, describes characteristics of APA members involved in research activities/funded research. Also describes the subfields, employment settings, and types of positions of members, as well as the characteristics of funded and unfunded research projects.…

A review of selected experiments indicates that not all examples of experimental amnesia are due to the failure of a memory to fixate. In sum, the empirical retrograde amnesia gradient does not necessarily support traditional consolidation theory. (Editor)