The author defends statements in his book, "Sociology: The New Synthesis" against a critique by the Sociology Study Group of Science for the People. (LS)

A level of organization schema is presented which uses the concept of the organism as the pivotal unit and emphasizes biological relationships. (BB)

Theories of biological and evolutionary determinism, recently revived as sociobiology, suffer from several difficulties, each of which involves some use of unproven assumptions and omissions of unwelcome data in theory construction. Male investigators tend to view animal behavior in the light and language of their own experiences, values, and…

This article is concerned with those freedoms inherent in successful science teaching and summarizes recent actions to insure the continuance of those freedoms. The controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution in schools is discussed in detail, with emphasis on educational positions and legal actions. (MA)

The inclusion of evolution as a topic in secondary school biology texts is examined in detail. The recent upsurge of mandates by the creationists is discussed with respect to current scientific knowledge and religious theology. Reasons for the exclusion of creationism in the biology curriculum are justified. (MA)

Examines three types of gaps in the fossil record: real gaps, imaginary gaps, and temporary gaps. Reviews some recent evidence concerning evolution from the paleontological record of microfossils, invertebrates, and vertebrates in order to make some general conclusions regarding the manner in which life evolved on earth. (CW)

Reviews antievolution curriculum legislation in the courts and the background of the Supreme Court's ruling that Louisiana's Balanced Treatment for Creation-Science and Evolution-Science Act unconstitutionally advanced particular fundamentalist religious views. (MLF)

Discusses: (1) the theology of creation (religion); (2) evolution (science); and (3) scientific creationism (religious doctrine and pseudoscience). Points out that contrary to its claim, the latter is a sectarian religious doctrine in the guise of science demanding to be taught in the classroom "as a science." (JN)

California's Board of Education recently rejected all of the more than 20 seventh- and eighth-grade science textbooks submitted to it because the books' publishers had "watered down" the treatment of evolution. Rationale for the board's decision and implications for publishing (such as revising the textbooks) are addressed. (JN)

Reviews early theoretical and research literature on handedness and places it within the larger context of the nature-nurture controversy. Discussion focuses on Baldwin's study of the development of hand preference in infants in relation to the recapitulation theory, mental development ("dynamogenesis"), and speech development.…

Reviews current research on a woman's chances of bearing twins and the genetic relationship, prenatal competition, and personality similarities between twins. In addition, the nature/nurture controversy is discussed in terms of evidence from studies of identical twins reared apart. Future studies are suggested to discover the ways twinning might…

This paper distinguishes between two ecological perspectives on organizational evolution: population ecology, which limits investigation to evolutionary change in established populations, and community ecology, which focuses on the rise and fall of populations themselves as basic units of evolutionary change. These perspectives produce contrasting…

Examined Australian medical school students' (N=150) conceptual frameworks and reasoning patterns related to natural selection. Results indicate that the majority believed that evolutionary changes occur as a result of need. Implications related to student learning and to science and medical education are considered. (JN)

Discusses evidence suggesting that the earliest land plants (small simple forms in damp areas during the Silurian period) preceeded the earliest land animals (including such small arthropods as millipedes and mites). Close animal-plant interactions occurred at the onset with more complex terrestrial ecosystems developing by the Devonian. (DH)

Presents an overview of the contributors' reactions and summarizes the controversies which arose from the 1975 APA presidential address. Thoughts on behaviorism as well as evolutionary theory in American psychology are also presented. (Author/AM)