Assesses a wide variety of experiences that have been described as related to depression and tests whether these different experiences in nonclinical subjects appear in consistent clusters that have continuity with observations of clinical depression. (Author/RK)

Data replicate and extend research on differences in physiological patterning between psychopaths and control subjects and provide new information on patterning with instructions and learned specificity with biofeedback. (Author/RK)

Distinguishes several important aspects of Rosenhan's pseudopatient study by which emotions are aroused, offers a Bayesian characterization of the diagnostic process observed by Rosenhan and his fellow pseudopatients, and suggests a direction in which research on these important issues might proceed. (Author/RK)

If animals receive inescapable electric shocks, their subsequent avoidance-escape learning is poor. This phenomenon, which can be called "the interference effect", was studied in four experiments. (Editor)

Investigates two factors as determinants of defensive attributions of responsibility for accidents and provides some clarification of the role of outcome severity in responsibility assignments. (Author/RK)

Recent research has suggested that the use of the shift effect as a measure of encoding is critically dependent upon its properties as a psychological phenomenon. Examines this interrelation in light of data from a simple experiment. (Author/RK)

Examines learning points, the functions they serve in manager-employee discussion, how they are developed, and how to teach people to observe them, both in watching models and their own behavior. (Author/RK)

A case is made that typing, speaking, and playing music are members of a family of skills that can be studied within a common theory. (Editor)

Subjects worked on a problem, engaged in an intervening activity, and then resumed work on the problem. Different intervening activities represented various mechanisms that produce incubation (e.g., set breaking, facilitation by analogy, review of the problem's elements). These various treatment groups were compared to a control group that worked…

The effects of vocalized tests on paired-associate learning were compared with those of silent tests and of blank trials by using six conditions, each repeating a pattern of six cycles including one study trial. (Editor/RK)

Do observers analyze the stimulus into its logical components, as the experimenter does when constructing them, and judge these components separately, or do observers initially judge the entire stimulus in a holistic manner? (Editor)

One possibility explored in the present study is that semantic encoding and, consequently, the usefulness of interitem relations in recall depend not only on attention to meaning but also on the particular attributes of meaning on which one's attention is focused during study of the words. (Author)

Reviews outcome studies in the treatment of panic disorder without agoraphobia for adults. Presents evidence supporting the efficacy of psychopharmacological and cognitive-behavioral interventions. Addresses the need for standards of care in counseling persons with panic disorder. (RB)