Presents findings of research on human violence that encompasses the following topics: (1) types of aggressive behavior; (2) modern warfare; and (3) individuals' warlike attitudes. Explores the research on patriotism and nationalism. Discusses the implications of this research and policy suggestions. (JS)

Discusses students' ability to make correct judgments about the accuracy of information they read and describes a study of secondary school students that was designed to determine the value of headings and outlines in detecting false statements in text. Treatments for the experimental and control groups are described. (18 references) (LRW)

Studies the effect of sex on the correlation between job satisfaction and self-evaluation using two experiments with college students. Results of both studies indicate that women rate their performance lower when they are dissatisfied with a task than when they are satisfied, but men's ratings are not affected by their task satisfaction. (FMW)

Reviews a doctoral dissertation that used interviews to determine the concepts that musicians have of performance and self. Summarizes Stedman's interview-based observations and commentary. States that the study may be useful in providing insights into what singers believe about themselves and their careers. (LS)

Discussion of memory for text information focuses on an earlier study which appeared to show that it is better for students to study a summary of a textbook chapter than to study the chapter itself. Topics discussed include recognition memory, recall, how to test memory, and psychological research. (10 references) (LRW)

Outlines a theory of metaphor that posits varying levels of semantic processing and formalizes the levels in terms of kinds of semantic mapping operators. Predicted complexity of semantic mapping operators was tested using metaphor interpretations of 204 children aged 6-12 years and 24 adults. Processing score increased predictably with age. (SAK)

Three studies investigated second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students' understanding of class inclusion hierarchies and the relationship of such understanding to the ability to construct external representations for hierarchically structured information. Children understood hierarchical relations and relations expressed in tree diagrams as early…

Discusses four schools of thought in cultural psychology: (1) the "mind and culture" school, which treated culture and cognition as separate; (2) the "mind in culture" school, which sees cognition and culture as interacting in practices; (3) the "culture in mind" school, which sees cultural categories as intrinsic to…

Comments on Lucariello's analysis, in this issue, of the development of cultural psychology, arguing that each of the "new approaches" that Lucariello identifies can be seen as an "old approach" that offered slightly different solutions to how psychology might deal more adequately with the cultural constitution of human nature. (MDM)

Comments on Moshman's discussion, in this issue, of reasoning as self-constrained thinking, arguing that differences in type of reasoning constraint probably reflect different knowledge bases but do not necessarily imply different processes. The fact that different tasks require different kinds of knowledge does not mean that different processes…

Elicited imitation was used to assess 21-month-olds' recall of familiar-canonical, familiar-reversed, novel-causal, and novel-arbitrary event sequences. Reversed sequences were reproduced in modeled and corrected canonical order; other sequences were reproduced in modeled order. (BC)

Uses a behavior model from control systems theory to analyze how we coordinate our own and each other's physical movements. Tests one person controlling a cursor with one handle or two, and two people controlling a cursor with two handles. Shows that control theory accurately predicts the results. (CH)

A case is made for the construction of nomothetic theories that can also explain individual differences. The discussion uses examples from the memory area and presents an approach to memory that explains individual findings and individual differences in the context of a single model. (SLD)

Investigates the amount of disclosure by undergraduate psychology students concerning their experience as research participants. Examines students' anticipated disclosure, and actual disclosure rates immediately after experiments and following a two-week interval. Shows disclosure rates were highest (85 percent) when students were promised…

Data from several studies indicated that most children understood what they were asked to do in psychological studies. Few under the age of 12 years believed their performance would be confidential. Many children believed there would be negative consequences if they ended their participation. Parental permission added pressure on children to…