Examined the etiology of individual differences in literacy, phonological awareness, and language ability in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Found that there was no genetic link between phonological awareness and literacy independent of general language ability. Individual differences in literacy ability were substantially influenced by genetics…

Describes recent developments in intelligence theory, applied measurements, and research methodology that suggests new research is needed to reexamine the relative importance of both general and specific cognitive abilities in explaining school achievement. Presents summary of results that examines relationship between "g" and seven…

Urges that discussion of the future of intelligence testing differentiates the evolution of theory and research from trends in clinical (school-based) practice. States that school-based assessments will not be valued because they are efficient, mandated, or empirically linked to theories of cognition but because they are functionally and fairly…

A project developed Navajo norms for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition (WISC-III). Urban Navajo students and those who were proficient in English had higher WISC-III verbal scores than rural Navajo students and those who were functional in English. English-language proficiency did not affect scores on nonverbal…

Considers the contribution to information-processing accounts of human intelligence differences made by Arthur Jensen, commending his persistence in research and noting his reductionist orientation. Explores the question of correlated vectors studied by Jensen. (SLD)

Makes a current assessment of the philosophy of instructional technology using a 1970 "British Journal of Educational Technology" (BJET) article as the basis of comparison. Discusses the influence of distance education, public acceptance of media and technology, and training by artificial intelligence in business and industry.…

Presents a review of available research concerning adolescent behavior disorder. Discusses classification and progress of the disorder as well as associated behaviors and gender differences. Examines risk and protective factors involved in the development of behavior disorders. Offers recommendations for research and treatment for adolescent…

Comparison of the records of incarcerated juvenile males (N=505) receiving remediation in either reading or mathematics with those receiving no remediation found members of the remedial groups were twice as likely to be recidivists or parole violators as members of the nonremedial group. Predictors of remedial group membership included verbal IQ,…

In the 1980s, dance split from physical education and began to earn credibility as a serious, independent discipline with special characteristics fostering many kinds of learning. K-12 curricula should include dance, as the National Education Goals specify. Dance education also has great cognitive and transfer-of-learning potential. (MLH)

Artificial Intelligence for Technology, a distance learning course at the Open University, is based on a learning model that combines conceptualization, construction, and dialog. This allows a practical emphasis which has been difficult to implement in distance education. The course uses commercial software, real-world-based assignments, and a…

In a longitudinal study following prekindergarten children through first grade, the variables verbal memory, IQ, and speech perception together predicted 26% of growth in and 42% of the final status of phonological awareness. Results also suggest that the effect of speech perception on word decoding is mediated by phonological processing ability.…

Summarizes a series of studies from the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition on possible genetic and social environmental determinants of individual differences in and racial/ethnic differences between groups on intelligence and attainment. These studies, which focused on Japanese and Caucasian Americans, illustrate the complex, interactive, and…

Birth order effects on intellectual performance show both positive and negative results. Considers the intellectual aspects of siblings' changing environments, explaining that birth order and family size effects depend crucially on the age at which children are tested. Within-family data conceal patterns of aggregate effects that are revealed by…

The double-deficit theory of reading disabilities (RD) was examined in 56 children with reading disabilities and 45 controls (ages 8-11). Students differed on all phonological analysis tasks and rapid naming of digits and letters, but also differed on orthographic tasks, attention ratings, arithmetic achievement, and all WISC-III factors except…

Provides information on how intelligence testing courses are currently taught in a sample of American Psychological Association (APA)-accredited clinical and school psychology programs from across the United States and Canada. Discusses limitations of the study and teaching strategies to improve students' test administration skills. (CMK)