The purpose of this study was to isolate some independent variables that may be directly related to beginning reading ability. The study was conducted in two phases: the piloting and revision of four perceptual tests involving the ability to manipulate sequential stimuli within or between the visual and auditory modalities; and the administration…

This study attempted to compare the phoneme shifting ability of nonreading adults, and remedial elementary and good elementary students. The Phoneme Shifting Test was used to evaluate the phoneme shifting skill, specifically the shifting of the first and the last letters of words. Individual testing was done during October 1974. Phoneme shifting…

This study involved a comparison of first and second grade students' performance on the Piagetian Task Administration Instrument (PTAI), the Metropolitan Readiness Test (MRT), and the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT) with actual reading achievement measured by placement on the Indiviudally Paced Instruction (IPI) Tracking Card in Reading, which was…

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of the Indian children in grades two and three of an integrated school in southern Saskatchewan with the performance of their non-Indian classmates on tests of listening comprehension, reading comprehension, auditory discrimination, and IQ. The Durrell Listening-Reading Series provided…

A follow-up study of 42 school-age children related school-age reading, reading readiness, and listening and speaking skills with early psycholinguistic ability. The children were given measures of vocabulary, sentence imitation, comprehension and production, phoneme discrimination, IQ, and word inflection skill at age three. In addition, the…

The three position papers included in this publication are concerned with the broad area of illiteracy, with each individual paper presenting a specific point of view. The first paper, "The Costs of Illiteracy," discusses several complex relationships between illiteracy and its economic consequences for the illiterate citizen and for the country.…

The ability to use sequential constraints in recognizing letters in three-letter words flashed on a screen at low contrast thresholds and the relationship of this ability to grade level and reading achievement were investigated. Eighty subjects were randomly selected, 20 each from grades 1 through 4. Ten adults were also tested for comparison with…

As a follow-up to an original study reported by Hershberger (1963), the present study assessed the instructional effectiveness of typographical cueing in both conventional and programed texts as a function of reading ability, reading instructions, and cueing complexity. A total of 118 eighth graders were divided into eight groups. Each group read…

Conducted from October 1970 through August 1971, this assessment of reading was concerned with four age levels--9, 13, 17, and 26-35. A total of 98,016 people responded to a wide variety of reading exercises which were administered and scored by trained professionals. The results were then examined according to various group characteristics: sex,…

Designed to investigate the effects of three motivational treatments given to selected teachers, this study measured the effects of the treatments in terms of pupil reading acheivement and staff teachers' perceptions of selected interpersonal variables. Two hypotheses were tested: pupils in the control group and pupils in the experimental groups…

The purpose of this experiment was to replicate and extend previous work which showed substantial differences between good readers (GR) and poor readers (PR) in the time taken to encode single words. The technique used was based on the memory-scanning and visual-scanning procedure first used by Sternberg. The subjects for the study consisted of 30…

The major purpose of this study was to provide insights into some of the reasoning strategies that may be used by students in obtaining meaning from the printed page. The study was designed to collect and analyze the verbal protocols of 11 seventh grade students involved in introspection as they responded to standardized measures of reading…

Through the meaningful interpretation of sensory data and a background in language experiences, an individual can build more effective knowledge structures. With more effective knowledge structures, one can react more discriminatingly to the written and printed word. Sound knowledge structures involve not only the ability to organize and…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between passage organization and the presence or absence of advance organizers. Two sets of stimulus materials were used. One set consisted of six paragraphs, each of which described the important events in the administration of one obscure American president. The second set of…

Students at four grade levels (4,7,10, and 12) were tested using a criterion-referenced measure of reading literacy based on the Bormuth literacy model. Cloze test passages were selected to represent a cross section of ten content domains of readers material (e.g., textbooks, consumer safety, occupational, etc.). A multimatrix sampling design was…