This document contains four papers about the ideological structure of personality. A proposal for a theoretical and methodological reworking of the life-historical inquiry of personality psychology is presented along with a report of some preliminary studies that employ an intensive life-history approach to a distinct topic within the context of…

Predictions that the assignment of intimate topics for self-disclosure in the presence of self-awareness-producing stimuli would lead to negative affect and attempts to avoid self-awareness, rather than a positive, cathartic experience, were investigated by conducting an experiment in which male and female subjects described themselves while alone…

A review of the research on techniques for increasing the novice's understanding of computers and computer programming, this paper considers the potential usefulness of five tentative recommendations pertinent to the design of computer literacy curricula: (1) provide the learner with a concrete model of the computer; (2) encourage the learner to…

Thirty-six undergraduate students participated in a two-hour experiment that measured the effect of fact and inference text annotation on the integration of information. The subjects were asked to read four pairs of meaningful stories, each of which contained four pairs of related facts about a mythical country. The texts of the experimental group…

Children's ability to understand the implied messages in indirect speech was investigated using a role play elicitation task. Subjects were asked to complete story endings using puppets for several scenerios involving a mother and her four children. In each of the stories the mother gives an indirect directive which is supposed to get the children…

Glass and Holyoak (1975) have raised two issues related to the distinction between set-theoretic and network theories of semantic memory, contending that: (a) their version of a network theory, the Marker Search model, is conceptually and empirically superior to the Feature Comparison model version of a set-theoretic theory; and (b) the contrast…

THE EXPERIMENTATION EXPLORES THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED REINFORCEMENT. IT IS STATED THAT THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF EITHER REINFORCEMENT DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF RESPONSE LEARNED AND THE FUNCTION OF THE REINFORCEMENT. THESE EXPERIMENTS EXPLORE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE TIME INTERVAL SEPARATING RESPONSE AND REINFORCEMENT, THE…

INDIVIDUALS LEARN AND RETAIN MATERIAL MORE EFFECTIVELY WHEN THEY ATTEND TO THOSE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ABOUT WHICH THEY ARE TO ACQUIRE INFORMATION. TRADITIONALLY GESTURAL AND SITUATIONAL ATTENTION DEVICES HAVE BEEN USED IN CLASSROOMS IN ORDER TO ATTRACT ATTENTION FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION. IT IS POSSIBLE HOWEVER THAT MUCH MORE SUBTLE…

A GROUP OF 46 5-YEAR-OLDS, 24 GIRLS AND 22 BOYS, AND 21 4-YEAR-OLDS, 11 GIRLS AND 10 BOYS, PARTICIPATED IN A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE STYLES OF CATEGORIZATION EMPLOYED BY PRESCHOOL AND KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN. FOUR CATEGORIZING STYLES WERE DEFINED AND USED IN THE STUDY--DESCRIPTIVE PART-WHOLE--E.G., CLASSIFYING HUMAN FIGURES BECAUSE "THEY ALL HAVE…

THE USE OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM BY ENGINEERING STUDENTS TO SIMULATE A JOB SHOP THAT MANUFACTURES ELECTRONIC DEVICES HAS INDICATED THAT SIMULATION METHODS OFFER REALISTIC ASSISTANCE IN TEACHING. EACH STUDENT IN THE STUDY SUBMITTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR A CIRCUIT DESIGN AND, FROM THE COMPUTER, RECEIVED PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS OF THE CIRCUIT WHICH…

A SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED 21-ITEM SENTENCE COMPLETION INSTRUMENT WAS ADMINISTERED TO 20 STUDENTS IN A "FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION" COURSE AT COLUMBUS COLLEGE, GEORGIA, AS A PILOT ATTEMPT TO OBTAIN A MEASURE OF STUDENT IDENTIFICATION WITH THE COLLEGE. SCORING CONSISTED OF RATING EACH COMPLETION AS A POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, OR NEGATIVE ATTITUDINAL…

Although there seems to be widespread agreement that new approaches to studying intelligence should combine the differential and cognitive (information processing) approaches in isolating components of intelligence, researchers disagree about how the approaches should be combined and, consequently, about how elementary components of intelligence…

This paper reports two related experiments, the first investigating whether children 3-7 years old demonstrate Flavell's Level-2 perspective-taking in a cognitively simple task, and the second re-examining children's performance on a task comparable to the Piagetian 3-mountain perspective-taking task. The first experiment involved a task which…

It has been theorized that feminist movements have failed because they focused on legal and political reforms and ignored the influence of domestic roles. Five hundred thirty persons completed a 125-item questionnaire which generated "desire for change" scores on two scales: (1) sex roles "in the home" and (2) sex roles "out of the home." A…

Theoretical interpretations of cooperation and competition are discussed in relation to motivational and situational determinants. It is suggested that the degree of competition exhibited in an interaction is an inverse function of the quantity of resources available, and that the effect of situational characteristics on cooperative behavior is…