This study, involving 1,069 children (ages 9-14) referred for evaluation of learning disability, used 3 definitions of reading disability to provide criteria for 5 groups of children based on discrepancy between intelligence quotient (IQ) and academic achievement. Results question the validity of segregating children with reading deficiencies…

Artificial intelligence techniques available for generating explanations for teaching purposes are surveyed, and the way in which they are combined in a computer program that provides explanations is described. The program responds to questions in the physical sciences. Potential contributions of this technology to computer-based education are…

Measures of vocabulary, phonological memory, nonverbal intelligence, and reading were taken from 80 children at ages 4, 5, 6, and 8 years. Comparisons revealed a significant shift in the causal underpinnings of the relationship between phonological memory and vocabulary development before and after age five. (Author/LB)

The computer can be incorporated into educational assessment at two levels: clerical work such as scoring, converting scores, administering test items, and organizing data into manageable profiles; and expanding horizons and deepening the understanding of what is important to measure and how best to measure it through expert systems and new…

Investigated the adequacy of the Gesell School Readiness Screening Test (GSRST) to gauge 46 kindergartners' readiness. Found agreement between GSRST and teacher assessments of student readiness. Test-retest and interrater reliability were below acceptable levels, and lower than figures yielded by a quantitative scoring method. Concluded that GSRST…

The effects of controlling for individual differences in simple reaction time (RT) on the correlations of choice RT and discrimination RT with intelligence quotient were studied for 213 male college students. Simple RT was controlled by subtraction, partial correlation, and multiple correlation. (SLD)

The author's previous article was intended to demonstrate that research on intellective sex differences (SDs) was incomplete because of a general preoccupation with SDs in means. SDs in central tendency and SDs in variability must be considered together to comprehend differences between male and female distributions in abilities. (SLD)

A sample of 57 American Indian and 60 white students (ages 7-12) referred for high ability assessment were administered the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. Indians scored higher than whites in Simultaneous Processing, whereas whites scored higher than Indians in Sequential Processing. (Author/JDD)

Discusses knowledge acquisition and dissemination in a network environment. Obstacles to the electronic exchange of knowledge and functional requirements for knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and management are summarized. A prototype intelligent Internet interface that mediates knowledge acquisition and dissemination and preliminary test…

The relationship of intelligence to strategy training, maintenance, and transfer was studied for six intellectually gifted, six average, and six mentally retarded children taught a balance-scale problem strategy. Implications of the finding that the mentally retarded needed more training and were poorer at maintenance and transfer are discussed.…

Describes the integrated Intelligent Tutor, Environment and Manual for Introductory Programing (ITEM/IP), which supports a course on computer programing based on the minilanguage Turingal. Discussion covers system design, including design philosophy, system overview, concepts included and information structure, programing laboratory mode,…

Second and fourth graders were classified according to their knowledge of soccer and their IQ and given two sort-recall tasks. Results demonstrated that the knowledge base played an important role in children's memory. Domain knowledge could not fully eliminate the effects of IQ on sort-recall tasks using domain-related materials. (GLR)

Whereas a controversial new book claims that racial background is a strongly associated with intelligence and achievement in life, the Surrey County (Virginia) Schools are proving that success depends more on expectations. Under Superintendent C.P. Penn's direction, the largely black, rural county has become a state leader in the percentage of…

Two experiments compared the working memory performance of 77 highly gifted seventh and eighth graders (13 and 14 Years ole) with verbal or mathematical precocity, or both. Different types of intellectual talent correlate with different working memory characteristics and differences in how digit and word stimuli are represented in memory. (SLD)

Sources of continuity among nine measures of infant cognitive processing and later childhood intelligence quotient were examined through developmental structural equation models applied to a sample of 208 twin pairs measured from 7 to 36 months. Skills assessed appear related to general cognitive ability in a relatively unstable manner. (SLD)