This study is focused on the threat of retention associated with test-based promotion in Grade 3. Through analyzing the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 data, we found that schools having such a policy apparently increased math instructional time but not reading instructional time in Grade 3. On average, the…

We now know a tremendous amount about early reading development, including the various skills that learners have to master and integrate to be both effective word readers and skilled comprehenders. The body of work referred to as the "science of reading" has helped illuminate these processes, and it offers important guidance for the…

For students to be able to read and comprehend, they must first develop phonological awareness, the ability to recognize and manipulate the segments of sound in words. To develop this ability, students must be able to identify the following: individual sounds (phonemes) in words; print letters of the alphabet; and corresponding sounds for each…

The period of the COVID pandemic changed day-to-day full-time teaching into distance learning. Teachers, but also parents without any prior training, had to react immediately. What has long been theoretically talked about professionally, namely the use of digitization of teaching in the online environment, has suddenly become a reality. Long…

District leaders in a large urban school district in central Florida wanted to test the efficacy of a new curriculum designed to enhance the word knowledge of grade 5 students so as to improve reading achievement. The new curriculum, called Word Knowledge Instruction (WKI), consists of 15-minute lessons taught 4 days a week for 20 weeks. The…

Intervention fidelity is crucial in ensuring efficient and quality support for students in need. Several coaching strategies have evidenced positive impacts on intervention fidelity and virtual approaches of coaching have been developing rapidly, especially during the pandemic. However, current literature is still limited in examining the effects…

While numerous authors have studied the comparison of achievement growth scores between charter, private, home, virtual, and in-person schools, there has been very little research regarding a comparison of growth scores during a time of a global pandemic. This study revealed that school choice for parents who desire for their children to attend a…

This study provides a window into the experiences of elementary teachers with their struggling readers during the largest world-wide interruption to education that has ever been seen. This study gives insight to educational leaders and educators as they assist their struggling readers in rebounding from the disruption to school caused by the…

The study investigates how school leaders can build the capacity of teachers to effectively teach literacy. The current reliance and obsession with student performance on standardized test scores has resulted in a fast paced search for packaged reading programs that will lead to increased reading achievement for all students. The reliance on…

This conceptual article explores early adolescent students' responses to an experimental Gothic reading unit (including popular culture and traditional texts). The Gothic genre was selected due to both its prevalence in youth culture and lack of representation in reading classrooms. This hybrid curriculum increased academic reading engagement in…

Research on reading achievement and reading motivation has rarely addressed the question if and how they affect each other over time. In our study, we investigate the reciprocal effects between reading achievement and both intrinsic and extrinsic reading motivation during elementary school. We measured reading achievement and intrinsic and…

We evaluated the MULTILIT--"Making Up Lost Time in Literacy"--instruction program for individuals with Down syndrome. The 12-week program was administered on a 1:1 basis to participants who were assessed at three timepoints: Baseline, pre-instruction, and post-instruction. Participants were allocated non-randomly to two groups that had…

In the mid-1920s the poet W. B. Yeats was pleased to discover contemporary philosophers, Giovanni Gentile and A. N. Whitehead, whose metaphysical and educational philosophies seemed to coincide with his own commitments. Whitehead shares with Gentile a sense of reality as activity and an understanding of knowledge as constructed from abstractions…

Adopted innovative methodologies in teaching reading comprehension have been a topic of interest by reading scholars among which textual awareness raising seems to be effective in the reading classroom. Following this, the present study looked into the effect of reading instruction by raising the students' awareness of different expository text…

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a tier three intervention, response-to-intervention design, on children with low reading ability in grade three. Twenty-eight children (12 females and 16 males) participated in this study. The participants were given out a battery of reading tests including decoding and reading…