A 10-year longitudinal study of the age-identities of persons 70 and older revealed that many rejected the possibility that they were, in fact, "old." A majority of respondents continued to define themselves in other ways (e.g., as middle-aged or elderly). (Author)

A large sample of students completed Form A of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and four subgroups were later asked to simulate extraversion, introversion, neuroticism or stability. It was found that subjects could simulate these four personalities successfully. The changes in individual item responses were correlated with the items' factor…

Using a network of comparisons, B. Hayes-Roth and F. Hayes-Roth found that subjects performed better on adjacent than on nonadjacent comparisons. Results suggested that such networks are processed in a manner fundamentally different from simple linear arrays. Here subjects were required to learn a similar knowledge structure. These results…

A review of some recent experiments suggested that general similarity between words might successfully function as a structural principle for semantic memory. A spatial model based on that assumption is proposed. The relation of this model to network and set-theoretic models of semantic memory is discussed, as is the relation of this model for…

Serial position curves for the immediate serial recall of supraspan word lists were investigated as a joint function of input modality and the frequency with which the list words occur in everyday usage. (Editor)

Three experiments investigated the relationship in speech perception between the mechanisms that determine the source of speech sounds and those that analyze their actual acoustic contents and extract from them the acoustic cues to a sound's phonetic description. (Author/RK)

Current management practices in many companies are attempting to meet the need for interesting and challenging work for dissatisfied workers through a movement called human resource development. This necessitates the need for research into the beliefs that inform this movement. Attempts to develop a conceptual framework that allows beliefs about…

What processes underlie recognition memory? An explanation of word recognition should be compatible with a general explanation of the functioning of the memory system. The research discussed in this paper lends support to a model of recognition performance based on the marking and storage of lists of features or attributes that define a word's…

This study was undertaken to extend the learned helplessness phenomenon to a clinical population and to test the competing hypotheses of Seligman and Lewinsohn. 96 male hospitalized psychiatric and medical patients were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Results replicate the learned helplessness phenomenon in a group of…

Three studies, testing predictions derived from Seligman's helplessness model of depression and generally supported by earlier research, are reported. The first addressed the finding that depressed individuals evidence a perception of noncontingency, the second tested the prediction that undergraduates in whom helplessness had been induced would…

Investigates the role of relative deprivation (RD) and rising expectations (RE) as mediating variables between social structure and black militancy through secondary analyses of survey data of blacks living in Cleveland and Miami in the late 1960s. Alternative explanations and implications derived from the present data and the theories for the…

Compares client (participant) ratings of counselor effectiveness with tape rated judgments that used a crisis counseling analogue situation and employed previously unused control procedures and demonstrates two methodologies for estimating the reliability or consistency of client ratings of counselor characteristics. This research was part of a…

Melges et al. (1971) presented evidence that a client's sense of self-worth is highly correlated with his degree of optimism about his personal future. Here the cross-lagged panel correlation (CLPC) technique was used to test their hypothesis that changes in personal future outlook lead to changes in self-esteem. (Editor/RK)

In two independent studies, objective measures of self-concept and self-esteem were assessed relative to the primary indicators of self-esteem or self-concept in human figure drawings, size, area, etc. Results showed that when groups were differentiated significantly on either self-concept or self-esteem, the size of the figure drawn was not…