Some specific intellectual abilities show consistent sex differences which vary in degree according to types of tests and samples examined. Reviews the empirical support for these differences, as well as the methodological difficulties, data and sampling limitations, interpretative biases, and contradictory results of much of the sex-difference…

Among the requirements of an intellectual skills training program are: (1) a culturally relevant theoretical basis; (2) training in information processing skills; (3) program responsiveness to students' needs and sensitivity to individual differences; (4) establishment of linkages between the training program and the real world; and (5) empirical…

Discusses whether formal thought constitutes a structured whole and role of propositional logic in advanced reasoning. Presents aspects of advanced reasoning model, considering hypothesis generation/testing as central processes in intellectual development. Argues that advanced reasoning schemata are linked by these processes and should be…

Studied a rare condition, elective mutism in children. Results indicated (1) immature development, especially in speech; (2) high rates of behavior problems; (3) excessive shyness; (4) significantly greater incidence of lower range performance IQ; (5) family psychiatric problems; and (6) intractibility. (Author/DB)

Examines the current models (genetic-deficit and cultural-deprivation) which explain IQ and achievement differences between members of the dominant and nondominant cultures. Concludes that both paradigms place blame on children and their families, and divert attention from the need to equalize wealth and power. (DA)

Over one thousand British primary schoolchildren completed the Crandall Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire. Comparisons with earlier American data provided similar results. The Crandall scale is more closely related to attainment than to intelligence, indicating that high internalized reinforcement responsibility provides a…

Addresses the importance of IQ tests in the processes by which Chicago elementary school students are placed in classes for the mentally retarded. Describes the impact of IQ scores on students' future educational and vocational careers and the impact on Black youngsters of the "educably mentally retarded" label. (JW)

The findings showed that the stimulated group scored higher on both the intelligence and the developmental tests, particularly on personal-social and speech development. In addition, school placement at the age of five years suggested that the experimental Ss were more easily integrated into the normal community. (Author/DLS)

The experiences of an affirmative-action officer are described, including: efforts to manipulate faculty behavior, David v Goliath dimensions to job, faculty who have both created the problem and the awareness of it, academicians advancing theories of racial superiority, I.Q. tests, etc. (MLW)

Two groups of children, 12 to 30 months (N=14) and 31 to 78 months (N=12), showing increased lead burden were compared to a sample matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status but evincing no increased lead burden. For the younger children, significant deficits in maternal IQ and quality of the caregiving environment were associated with…

A qualitative evaluation of the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA) as implemented in a Colorado public school system is presented. The evaluation relies heavily on perceptions of participating administrators, and is very positive. (JKS)

In the Charlotte-Mecklenburg (North Carolina) Public Schools, thousands of gifted children are tackling challenging, real-world problems correlated with curricular expectations. This gifted program fuses three philosophies: multiple-intelligences theory, problem-centered learning, and a thoughtful atmosphere to foster critical and creative…

Discusses the false assumptions that indicate students are less intelligent than in the past. Topics include a historical perspective of college student problems; standards that kept all but the elite out of education; S.A.T. (Scholastic Aptitude Test) scores; social influences; the complexity of today's economy; and the importance of reading.…

Examines the notion that heredity plays a powerful role in criminal behavior, including genetic evidence that can allow for antisocial behavior. Reviews suggestions for reversing rising crime rates in light of the hereditary connection, policy development, family cohesion, and child raising. (GR)

The eight articles of this special issue explore the retrenchment that has seriously constrained the education of African Americans in California, as in much of the nation. Economic downsizing, genetic theories of racial inferiority, and right-wing attitudes have contributed to undermining the political gains of the 1960s and 1970s. (SLD)