Together, these studies replicate and extend Gordon and Spear's (1973a) findings that proactive interference decreases as the interval between prior and subsequent learning increases and that reactivation of a prior memory just before subsequent learning significantly increases the proactive interference due to the prior learning. (Author/RK)

The learning of backward associations by pigeons during training of forward associations was studied in three experiments using a symbolic matching task. The data are contrasted with the strong evidence of learning of backward associations by humans. (Editor/RK)

The tasks with item and position probes seem similar. Given an item probe, a subject must recall its position in the spatial array; given a position probe, the item in that position in the array. Analysis of correct responses and latencies showed that item and position probes yielded different results. (Editor/RK)

To test the tendency of subjects to perceptually organize discrete temporal patterns with regard to runs of identical stimulus events, spatiotemporal patterns of white noise were presented for reproduction. It is suggested that changes in runs of auditory patterns are perceptually analogous to changes in contours of visual patterns. (Editor/RK)

Experimenters in the past have reported that when insulin is used as the unconditioned stimulus (US), rats will learn an aversion to a sodium chloride but not a sucrose solution, whereas with formalin as the US, they will learn an aversion to a sucrose but not a saline solution. The present experiments failed to confirm these findings. (Editor)

These experiments investigate the degree to which neophobia, the reluctance to consume novel food, can be modified by toxicosis, the conditions under which the contingency between ingestion and illness enhances neophobia, and the manner in which previously learned aversions mediate subsequent enhanced neophobia. (Author/RK)

These experiments investigate situations in which a negative correlation involves a 24 hour delay between the occurrence of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus; they also investigate the mechanism by which any inhibition so produced might occur. (Author/RK)

The Wechsler Memory Scale was administered to 112 patients who had been referred to a clinical psychologist for investigation of cognitive functioning with regard to possible or actual organic pathology of the brain. The aim was to replicate the factor structure of this test found in a previous study. (Editor)

Evidence is reviewed which suggests that there may be little or no direct introspective access to higher order cognitive processes. It is proposed that when people attempt to report on their cognitive processes they do not do so on the basis of any true introspection. (Editor/RK)

In a study of play activities, 60 middle-class children ages 2.8-5.8 were tested on six object substitution tasks. Three dealt with puzzle games and three with pretence games. Results confirm Sliosberg's original contention that pre-school children discriminate between pretence and realistic games. (Editor/RK)

Reports on a fall 1986 journey of Carl Rogers to the U.S.S.R. during which Rogers conducted lectures and workshops on humanistic psychology. Elaborates on workshop sessions with Russian psychologists and therapists. Concludes with general observations about what the workshops may have accomplished and on the Soviet lifestyle in general. (BR)

Examines whether the informed consent and ethical principles often applied to research are applicable to student participation in college courses. Concludes that providing information on course content, grading policies, assignments, goals, and teaching philosophy and techniques may increase respect for the profession and facilitate professors'…

Studied beliefs about infant capacities of 160 pairs of Israeli parents and of 129 nonparent adolescents and young adults of both sexes. Parents with higher education and Western origin gave earlier age estimates for infant capacities, and mothers' estimates were younger than fathers'. Nonparents exhibited similar patterns. (SKC)

Argues against J. Vasudev's claim that sex differences disappear in studies that control for socioeconomic status. Contends that women and men are not socioeconomic equals. Recommends that theories based on all-male research samples be questioned and that differences in women's moral orientation be accounted for in studies. (SKC)

Used a set of six measures to analyze both the products and process of spatial grouping in 40 children between the ages of 18 and 42 months. Results confirmed and elaborated on previously established developmental findings for each measure. (SKC)