Investigated preschoolers' understanding of two distance principles: the direct-indirect and the same-plus principle. Children did better on tasks relevant to the principles than on principle-irrelevant tasks. Concluded that even young children conceive of distance as fixed intervals. (SKC)

Presents a framework for relating degree of bilingualism to aspects of linguistic awareness. Found the more fully bilingual a child was, the better his or her performance on metalinguistic tasks requiring high levels of analysis of knowledge. (SKC)

Examined the role of cognitive mediators in identifying differences in aggression of incarcerated and nonincarcerated male and female adolescents. Found hostile-aggressive individuals more likely to hold beliefs supporting aggression and to be unconcerned about the consequences of violent actions. (SKC)

Four studies investigated whether inconsistency of children aged four to six on developmental tasks may reflect a misinterpretation of the experimenter's intent in communication under repeated questioning. (SKC)

Discusses criticisms of behavioral science research methodologies, and offers solutions which emphasize that it is only on the basis of theory that one can decide on an appropriate hypothesis to be tested, on a correct method of statistical analysis, and on whether the experimental results can be generalized to a population of interest. (Author/KS)

Three major barriers to sex fair research are the following: (1) excessive confidence in traditional methods of research; (2) bias in explanatory systems; and (3) inappropriate conceptualization and operationalization. Sex bias in research must be eliminated and critical discussion that challenges sex bias must be stimulated in psychology.…

Examines the pattern of eye movements of skilled adult readers when encountering a surprise ending to a story. Suggests that processing at the discourse level must be considered as an influence on the eye movement control system. (NKA)

Review of general anxiety and its measurement provides a framework for considering computer anxiety. Test and math anxiety are discussed as specific anxieties with potential similarities. Five studies are identified and discussed for their contributions to an understanding of the definition, measurement practices, and correlates of computer…

Despite passage of laws regarding sex equity in education, full equity has yet to be attained. Psychologists have identified educational inequities and have provided educators with research-based programs, practices, and policies. But more research is needed to guide cost-effective policy formation and to identify the subtler forms of inequity.…

Identifies key questions concerning children's intuitions and conceptions of probabilistic notions. Research on the theoretical framework for probability studies, misconceptions and strategies, and pupil attainment is reviewed, and the methodology is evaluated. Finally, implications for classroom practice are discussed. (MNS)

Two methods to help psychology students read research critically are described. One that has been used successfully with higher-level research classes focuses on the content of research articles. The second technique requires a more global response to a research article and can be used at all levels of the curriculum. (Author/RM)

Compares concurrent validity of four sex-role instruments administered to a group of 281 urban university students. Reports that the instruments are sufficiently different in their measurement characteristics to warrant limiting generalizations about behavior based on these instruments to a particular instrument being used. (KH)

A content analysis of college-level introductory and social psychology textbooks showed that many texts do not discuss ethics at all and, if they do, it is usually in one or two pages. Things that classroom teachers can do to fill this important gap are discussed. (RM)

In psychology, experimental studies are susceptible to the biases of the investigator in problem formulation, operationalization, sample selection, and data interpretation. Thus, what we regard as an objective, value-free approach to science is neither unbiased nor value-free. (GC)

Adults and children judged mirror and nonmirror pairs of stimuli. The findings in this research suggested a nonperceptual explanation of mirror-image confusions, one involving conceptual and linguistic considerations. (Editor/RK)