Some philosophers argue that reflection is key to rational thinking. By tying reflective thinking to language, they struggle to account for minimally verbal infants and exclude nonhuman animals. This study assessed processing of undermining defeaters--a basic form of reflective thinking--in 36 two-year-old British children (13 female; M[subscript…

Background: Self-assessment, crucial skill in professional practice, is essential for dentists to deliver patient care. Teaching self-assessment in dental education prepares students for this role. Structured self-assessment refers to self-assessment guided by a predefined criterion-based checklist. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of…

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may fail to acquire interactive play and leisure skills due to deficits associated with the diagnosis. Through interactive play, individuals gain more opportunities to develop proficiency in areas such as communication, social skills, and emotional development. In an effort to inform…

While hope and social support are recognised as key resources for college students' career development, the intricate mechanisms through which they jointly and dynamically influence career outcomes, and the critical role of proactive skills in translating these resources into action, remain insufficiently understood. This research programme…

Research funding managers require diverse knowledge, skills, and experience to provide excellent research support services. This study aims to identify the topmost critical knowledge, skills, and experience required of a research funding manager in higher education in Australia. A qualitative content analysis of the job descriptions of research…

Proficiency in written communication is an essential prerequisite for achievement in both academic settings and broader life contexts, yet many struggle with initiating writing and engaging in deep self-reflection and text revision. To address this challenge, this study integrated augmented reality (AR) technology with formative peer assessment…

Solving problems by different methods, identifying the knowledge put at stake in each case, and stating variants of the problems are fundamental aspects of the competence of analysis of mathematical knowledge for teaching. This paper reports on the design, implementation, and results of a formative intervention with primary education prospective…

A central objective of schooling processes at the international level is reading skills development. Unfortunately, many students in the European Union underperform at this, and these low performances can be more pronounced in countries with lower Human Development Index (HDI) values. This study analysed the contextual effect of school…

Depending on classroom teachers' views, this study determined the acquisition level of the 21st-century skills in the primary education 4th-grade social studies curriculum. Designed in an explanatory mixed-method model, it used the interpretative phenomenological method for the qualitative data and the scanning method for the quantitative data.…

The purpose of this study was to identify effective interactive methods in preparing students in grades 1-4, as well as to investigate their impact on learning outcomes. The work uses theoretical and empirical methods. The analysis of existing interactive teaching methods, their selection in accordance with the age characteristics of primary…

This study draws on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) proposed by Ajzen to explore the existing relationships between entrepreneurial intentions and the proposed determinants, as well as the mediation of advantages, limitations and individual values in entrepreneurship. For empirical work, a questionnaire was designed and validated using Likert…

Young children with complex communication needs are often severely restricted in their ability to communicate and develop language skills. A major barrier preventing these children from accessing communication is a lack of appropriate means to communicate. The present study investigated the implementation of nonelectronic visual scene displays…

Professional skill development has emerged as an increasingly important facet of undergraduate training, specifically within science curricula. The primarily agreed on professional skills for a well-rounded scientist include teamwork, oral communication, written communication, and quantitative skills. The demand for these skills has been driven by…

Exercising autonomy in the workplace is a prerequisite for the acquisition of complex perceptual, judgement, and decision making skills widely agreed to be criteria of vocational expertise. It has wide workplace relevance. Despite the importance of autonomy for developing vocational expertise there is virtually nothing on methodologies for…

Hand hygiene is critical for infection control, but studies report poor transfer from training to practice. Hand hygiene training in hospitals typically involves one classroom session per year, but psychomotor skills require repetition and feedback for retention. We describe the design and independent evaluation of a mobile interactive augmented…