Very often a scientist is inspired to the point of discovering previously unknown principles. This inspiration, however, would probably not come to him if he were not already knowledgeable in the context in which the discovery would have significance. (CK)

Notes that those teachers and scholars who are known as the "new rhetoricians" are divided on assumptions about the nature of rhetorical art, with some holding a vitalist theory of art and composing and others holding a technical theory. (HOD)

Discusses the integration of multiple learning goals, or objectives, into instructional design procedures. Models of instructional design are described with emphasis on human performance factors; categories of integrative goals are explained, including denoting, manifesting, and discovering; and implications for the transfer of training are…

Ten ways to evaluate new software product ideas are presented, such as talking with computer user groups and advertising the product before development to determine consumer interest. Ten methods for generating new product ideas are also offered, including reading material on the fringe of one's work and soliciting opinions of potential clients.…

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) mathematicians have discovered how certain insects can climb what to them are steep, slippery slopes in the water's surface without moving their limbs, and do it at high speed. Welcome to the world of the tiny creatures that live on the surface of ponds, lakes, and other standing bodies of water. For the…

Meanings of "surprise" are wide and include uplifting and engaging facets like wonder and amazement on the one hand as well as ones that may be of the opposite nature like interruption and disrupt on the other. Pedagogically, educators who use surprise in class activities are focusing on students being "taken aback" by a situation, hopefully…

Recently, artwork of child artists from the Carrolup settlement school in Western Australia was rediscovered in the archives of the Picker Art Gallery at Colgate University. The young artists were among what was then called the half-caste children and now known as the Stolen Generation. Between the late 1800s and mid 1970s the Australian…

Introduction: This paper discusses the role uncertainty plays in judgments of the meaning and significance of ideas and texts encountered by scholars in the context of their ongoing research activities. Method: Two experienced scholars were observed as part of a two-year ethnographic study of their ongoing research practices. Layered…

One group of undergraduates responded under a fixed-ratio (FR) 25 schedule and a second group responded under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 5-s schedule (first history phase). Both groups of subjects were then exposed to a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) 5-s schedule (second history phase), and finally to…

HOW STUDENTS SAY THEY LEARN WAS INVESTIGATED. INTERVIEWS WITH A RANDOM SAMPLE OF 74 WOMEN STUDENTS POSED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE NATURE, FREQUENCY, PATTERNS, AND CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH ACTS OF DISCOVERY TAKE PLACE IN THE ACADEMIC SETTING. STUDENTS WERE ASSIGNED DISCOVERY RATINGS BASED ON READINGS OF TYPESCRIPTS. EACH STUDENT WAS CLASSIFIED AND…

AN INTERIM UNIT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO ASSIST TEACHERS AND PUPILS IN MAKING THE TRANSITION TO A CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS PROGRAM. EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN THAT ANY INTRODUCTORY WORK DURING THE YEAR PRECEDING THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW PROGRAM HAS MADE THE FIRST YEAR CONSIDERABLY EASIER AND MORE PROFITABLE FOR BOTH TEACHERS AND PUPILS. EACH CONCEPT…

This paper describes the almost story as a story that overwhelms the author but does not wholly come across to the reader. It is a story that simultaneously excites and disappoints, intrigues and frustrates. Several teaching suggestions for helping students turn an almost story into a story are given, including encouraging students to experiment…

This book contends that we create the world we perceive because we select and edit reality to conform to our beliefs; that our cultural mind has come to a point where the dissonance between reality and false beliefs is so great that it is impossible to avoid the awareness that the world no longer makes sense; and that only once this awareness…

Encourages English teachers to provide surprises in their teaching and to permit students to have the joy of discovery. (DD)