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Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian; Mora-Tiscareno, Antonieta; Ontiveros, Esperanza; Gomez-Garza, Gilberto; Barragan-Mejia, Gerardo; Broadway, James; Chapman, Susan; Valencia-Salazar, Gildardo; Jewells, Valerie; Maronpot, Robert R.; Henriquez-Roldan, Carlos; Perez-Guille, Beatriz; Torres-Jardon, Ricardo; Herrit, Lou; Brooks, Diane; Osnaya-Brizuela, Norma; Monroy, Maria E.; Gonzalez-Maciel, Angelica; Reynoso-Robles, Rafael; Villarreal-Calderon, Rafael; Solt, Anna C.; Engle, Randall W. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Exposure to air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation in healthy children and dogs in Mexico City. Comparative studies were carried out in healthy children and young dogs similarly exposed to ambient pollution in Mexico City. Children from Mexico City (n:55) and a low polluted city (n:18) underwent psychometric testing and brain magnetic…
Descriptors: Pollution, Mexicans, Brain, Neurological Impairments
Sui, Li; Wang, Jing; Li, Bao-Ming – Learning & Memory, 2008
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream targets, including Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6k), and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), may play important roles in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory in many…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Stimulation, Recognition (Psychology), Fear
Ota, Kristie T.; Pierre, Vicki J.; Ploski, Jonathan E.; Queen, Kaila; Schafe, Glenn E. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Recent studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays a crucial role in memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning and in synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala (LA). In the present experiments, we examined the role of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), a downstream effector of NO, in fear memory consolidation and…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Fear, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Inglis, Jordan E.; Radziwon, Kimberly A.; Maniero, Gregory D. – Advances in Physiology Education, 2008
The immune system is a vital physiological component that affords animals protection from disease and is composed of innate and adaptive mechanisms that rely on cellular and dissolved components. The serum complement system is a series of dissolved proteins that protect against a variety of pathogens. The activity of complement in serum can be…
Descriptors: Physiology, Laboratory Experiments, Biology, Animals
Adolph, Karen E.; Robinson, Scott R – Child Development, 2008
Nativist and constructivist approaches to the study of development share a common emphasis on characterizing beginning and end states in development. This focus has highlighted the question of preservation and transformation--whether core aspects of the adult end state are present in the earliest manifestations during infancy. In contrast, a…
Descriptors: Constructivism (Learning), Systems Approach, Animal Behavior, Motor Development
Mendez, Anissa C. – SchoolArts: The Art Education Magazine for Teachers, 2008
One of the author's main goals as an art teacher is to make sure that her students understand at least one technique that any artist might use to make a work of art look more interesting. While she teaches various techniques, she often faces the challenge of how to get her students to explore their own imaginations and feel confident in their…
Descriptors: Artists, Grade 2, Art Teachers, Art
Porritt, M.; Poling, A. – Psychological Record, 2008
In a study of working memory, the performance of rats under titrating-delayed-nonmatching- to-position (TDNMTP) procedures was examined. Overall accuracy and the number of trials completed were inversely related to titration value, whereas the highest delay attained was directly related to titration value. When given intraperitoneally,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Drug Therapy, Cognitive Processes, Animals
Galeotti, Nicoletta; Quattrone, Alessandro; Vivoli, Elisa; Norcini, Monica; Bartolini, Alessandro; Ghelardini, Carla – Learning & Memory, 2008
The administration of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) agonist 4-Cmc (0.003-9 nmol per mouse intracerebroventricularly [i.c.v.]) ameliorated memory functions, whereas the RyR antagonist ryanodine (0.0001-1 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) induced amnesia in the mouse passive avoidance test. The role of the type 1, 2, and 3 RyR isoforms in memory processes was…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Drug Therapy, Biochemistry
Sargisson, Rebecca J.; White, K. Geoffrey – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Four pigeons were first trained in a timing procedure. In one condition, each trial began with the presentation of an X on the center key, followed by a delay (short or long), after which two side keys were lit. If the delay was short, pecks to the red side key were reinforced. If the delay was long, pecks to the green side key were reinforced. In…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Time, Memory
Mazur, James E. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Pigeons responded in a successive-encounters procedure that consisted of a search state, a choice state, and a handling state. The search state was either a fixed-interval or mixed-interval schedule presented on the center key of a three-key chamber. Upon completion of the search state, the choice state was presented, in which the center key was…
Descriptors: Selection, Reinforcement, Animals, Intervals
Keely, Josue; Feola, Tyler; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Three experiments were conducted with rats in which responses on one lever (labeled the functional lever) produced reinforcers after an unsignaled delay period that reset with each response during the delay. Responses on a second, nonfunctional, lever did not initiate delays, but, in the first and third experiments, such responses during the last…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Contingency Management, Animals, Responses
Perez-Cuesta, Luis Maria; Hepp, Yanil; Pedreira, Maria Eugenia; Maldonado, Hector – Learning & Memory, 2007
Prior work with the crab's contextual memory model showed that CS-US conditioned animals undergoing an unreinforced CS presentation would either reconsolidate or extinguish the CS-US memory, depending on the length of the reexposure to the CS. Either memory process is only triggered once the CS is terminated. Based on these results, the following…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Stimuli, Pharmacology
Ris, Laurence; Godaux, Emile – Learning & Memory, 2007
Memory shows age-related decline. According to the current prevailing theoretical model, encoding of memories relies on modifications in the strength of the synapses connecting the different cells within a neuronal network. The selective increases in synaptic weight are thought to be biologically implemented by long-term potentiation (LTP). Here,…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain, Aging (Individuals), Animals
Lombas, Andres S.; Freeman, Kevin B.; Roma, Peter G.; Riley, Anthony L. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2007
Separate groups of rats underwent an unbiased conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure involving alternate pairings of distinct environments with intravenous (IV) injections of cocaine (0.75 mg/kg) or saline immediately or 15 min after injection. A subsequent extinction phase consisted of exposure to both conditioning environments preceded by…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Drug Use, Conditioning, Animals
Corballis, Michael C. – Cognitive Science, 2007
It has been claimed that recursion is one of the properties that distinguishes human language from any other form of animal communication. Contrary to this claim, a recent study purports to demonstrate center-embedded recursion in starlings. I show that the performance of the birds in this study can be explained by a counting strategy, without any…
Descriptors: Sentences, Animals, Pattern Recognition, Language

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