Presents a speed-accuracy tradeoff method for studying the dynamics of memory retrieval in recall that may be useful in studying the relationship between recall and recognition. Describes the method and uses it to compare retrieval dynamics in recall and recognition as a function of the presence or absence of associative inference. (Author/RK)

The two-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by Schneider and Shiffrin (1977) is tested and extended in a series of experiments. The studies demonstrate the qualitative difference between two modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search. A general framework for human information processing is…

Reviews recent research on information processing and decision making in orienteering. The main cognitive demands investigated were selection of relevant map information for route choice, comparison between map and terrain in map reading and in relocation, and quick awareness of mistakes. Presents a model of map reading based on results. Contains…

Explores sex and age differences in the level of object representations and human movement in the dreams of adolescents. Dream analyses from 106 adolescents reveal significant differences in quality of object representations in male and female adolescents' dream content. Females' dreams contained significantly higher amounts of human movement than…

Genetic research on intelligence has moved beyond the nature-nurture controversy to investigate developmental change and continuity, associations among cognitive abilities, and the developmental interface between nature and nurture. Advances in molecular genetics are leading to a new era of research. (Author/SLD)

Eight studies utilizing college student subjects present support for state-trait anger theory. Discusses the different findings for different studies. Few gender differences were found across the studies. Results are discussed in terms of state-trait theory, convergent and discriminant validity for the Trait Anger Scale, anger expression, gender…

Challenges Carol Gilligan's (1982) assertion that there are two fundamentally different and gender-related orientations to morality, namely a male justice orientation and a female care orientation. Argues that Gilligan's view that these orientations are logically and psychologically incompatible and that their developmental origins are in early…

Reviews psychological research on motivation and educational achievement, discussing gender and contributions by feminist researchers. Feminist psychologists note sex bias and methodological flaws in traditional research on achievement motivation, proposing improved models (Eccles' expectancy x value model of achievement behavior). Contrary to…

Noting evidence of the "dark side" of legal education and the process of denial among faculty, describes recent psychological research on the components of happiness and life satisfaction. Asserts that this research provides an objective framework for understanding the pervasive problems in legal education settings and thus can lead to…

Examines developments in empirical research in family therapy training since Kniskern and Gurman's (1979) review. Assesses present knowledge concerning training outcomes in marital and family therapy from six studies of the development of instruments for measuring the outcome of training and nine studies which actually evaluate training outcome.…

Reports a study of the relationship between Type A behavior and self-reported stress among male and female Zimbabwean teachers. Teachers completed the Jenkins Activity Survey to measure behavior type and the Teacher Stress Inventory. Findings were consistent with traditional sex roles. (NL)

Tests self-serving attributional bias, attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors among Blacks. With a sample of 35 Black and 35 White undergraduates, demonstrates this bias for both races. Finds Blacks attributed outcomes more to effort, whereas Whites attributed outcomes to task difficulty, a more stable factor. (DB)

Studies the current epistemological values of North American feminist psychologists. Explores whether the political commitments, personal identities, and professional activities of psychologists are systematically related to different worldviews and different beliefs about the nature of human experience. Lends support to the idea of situated…

States that the concept of developmental stages is going through a revival. Compares developmental stages from three points of view: (1) Piaget's original formulation, (2) cognitive development, and (3) socio-moral development. Outlines reasons for maintaining a hard-structural stage model by the Kohlbergian theorists. (GG)

Recent developmental studies have focused on children's learning strategies and on the socio-instructional dynamics that foster strategic learning. Discusses Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development in the context of traditional cognitive strategies research and in terms of its practical applications. (Author/BJV)