The issue of mental health services available to adults and children in the United States who are deaf is addressed. Included is a historical perspective on the changes in these services over the last 50 years. Within this scope, the current status of services is described in some detail. Psychological research on children who are deaf is…

Intelligence has been defined and studied under a number of different rubrics. Three individuals serve as a representative sample of the educational and psychological researchers associated with cognitive psychology who have made significant contributions to current understandings of intelligence. Robert Sternberg's theory contains subcategories…

This book presents an overview of the field of psychology, its origins, uses, and career opportunities. Chapter 1, "Common-sense Views and Misconceptions about Psychology," looks at common ideas and misconceptions about psychology. Chapter 2, "Background and History of Psychology," considers what psychology is and is not. Chapter 3, "Major…

Arguing that seeking help when needed is an integral part of the learning process, this paper describes a three-stage help-seeking process; examines computer conferencing in academic contexts; and describes several characteristics that promote help-seeking, including the admission of inadequacy, the decision to seek help, and the ultimate…

The goal of this study was to investigate whether expert physicians' knowledge can be represented in the form of illness scripts. The idea of "scripts" was introduced by Schank and Abelson (1977) to explain why people are able to bring to bear enormous amounts of knowledge almost effortlessly in practical real-life situations. Previous…

Previous studies failed to determine whether Gilligan's (1982) justice and care perspectives represent two distinct orientations of moral reasoning. Using methods developed in research on reasoning and discourse processes, a study used a discursive framework to validate an alternate methodology for the investigation of moral orientation reasoning.…

Standard setting is a fairly widespread activity in educational and psychological measurement, but there is no formal psychometric theory to guide the development of standard setting methodology. This paper presents a conceptual framework for such a psychometric theory and uses the conceptual framework to analyze a number of methods for setting…

Recent reforms in social education have emphasized the study of history and global education. Thus, educators expect students to develop historical empathy and the ability to take divergent cultural perspectives. In other words, students should be able to see the world as others see it. From a psychological perspective this capacity is known as…

The concept of control is fundamental to comparative research. In research designs where randomization of observational units is not possible, control has been exercised statistically from a single covariate by a process of residualization. The alternative, known as subclassification on the propensity score, was developed primarily for…

This paper addresses whether theoretical skills, meaning skills in evaluating and improving existing theories and in creating new theories, should be taught in psychology programs. Three questions are posed: (1) Should theoretical skills be taught at all?; (2) How are theoretical skills best taught?; and (3) Which theoretical skills should be…

The Pearson product moment (P.M.) correlation ("r") and four of its most widely used variations--the phi, the rho, the biserial, and the point-biserial coefficients--are reviewed. Using small data sets between one and nine, the conditions under which the various forms are restricted in power and robustness are explored. Seven sample data…

This investigation into the effects of configural properties (properties determined by the interrelationships existing between component parts) used a selective attention task to determine whether intersection is a primary encoding feature or is constructed after slopes and heights are perceived. The method for encoding feature identification,…

This document discusses the creation of a new formal language for the field of counseling psychology. Constructs for such a language are applied specifically to the communication of research information (especially research concerned with the effects of counselor action on clients) for experimental replication. Grammatical concepts of a formal…

States that if conventional moral reasoning led the Watergate characters to err, they were not alone; three hundred and seventy people, predominantly college students drawn from a variety of New England and Midwestern campuses who had been given Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview, were asked to decide some of the same dilemmas which confronted…

The purpose of this brief paper was not to question the basic findings of Fox and Lefkowitz (EJ 100 533) but simply to raise some questions about their study in terms of the data actually reported. Their original article presented evidence for differential validity between whites and Negroes from a test validation study of production-type jobs.…