The paper describes an unacknowledged artifact that may confound experimental evaluations of innovations. The paper hypothesizes that control group members (teachers, pupils, etc.) perceiving the consequences of an innovation as threatening to their job, salary, status, or traditional patterns of working, may perform atypically and confound the…

While theoretical and empirical research on the economics of human capital is still in its relative youth, a substantial body of work has already accumulated on the variables determining worker earnings and on the importance of schooling as one of those determinants. The present paper focusses attention on one such variable that has received…

In this study an attempt was made to obtain a developmental dimension for estimating longitudinal development on the basis of cross-sectional data. To check the validity of this approach, the cross-sectional data were compared with true longitudinal data. Forty-three public school children were given a series of conservation tasks in four…

Recent research results strongly suggest that the theoretical problems of change measures have limited practical significance for measuring individual growth, and it is important to determine whether this is also the case for measuring school impact. Accordingly, in this study artifical data were used to assess the correlation between several…

This is a final report to the United States Commission on Civil Rights, which requested The Rand Corporation to prepare a design for a research program on school desegregation. The report's audience is the group of policy-makers and research scientists who would be concerned with developing such a research program. This volume contains an overall…

This report attempts to provide a standardized evaluative measure for both school desegregation initiated by administrative action and the result of that action or lack of action. The latter measure, the measurement of school integration, involves two techniques--a uniform standard index which sets the same goals for all school districts, and one…

This book focuses on the question: What is the effect of racial mixing in school on the children involved? Unless the context indicates a more specific meaning, "desegregation" is used here to refer broadly to racial mixing in schools. The term "integration" is reserved for that biracial situation in which the minority group is accepted on a…

This paper examines, both theoretically and empirically, three measures of segregation, with the empirical focus on school segregation. The first measure is based on the absolute deviation of the racial composition of a school from that of the school district, the second is based on the square of that deviation, and the third is derived from…

A study was undertaken to determine some of the methodological considerations that can lead to a more reliable and valid end product in intercultural experimental research. The subjects were bilingual native Japanese college students in Tokyo. The project included a pretest, treatment, and posttest. The pretest determined the attitude of the…

The usefulness of the social class construct for life-cycle research is discussed in this paper. Social class is defined as used in the paper, and as it is generally used by students of the human life cycle. It is further evaluated as a descriptor, and a predictor of behaviors and attitudes. The construct seems to be most useful in studies of…

An extension of an earlier study, this report begins by discussing attitude and behavior profiles of persons affiliated with the Community Action Program (CAP). Education, age, income, and other survey data on the poor and their leaders are analyzed to determine the possible impact of the CAP experience on their attitudes. Using reports from…

This paper reports on a new two-phase measurement technique that permits a direct comparison of the perceived relative importance of economic vs. non-economic factors in a job situation in accounting for personnel retention, the willingness to produce, and job satisfaction. The paired comparison method was used to measure the preferences of 91…

An analysis of the types of eye movements of subjects viewing motion picture films and telelessons revealed a continuum of movements. Two of the intervals of this continuum (No Observable Movements and Minimovements) were found to be related to intelligence. The factors of age and learning did not correlate with any of the indices. Subjects in the…

This report describes the first phase of a two-part study of the processes through which social and economic disadvantagement affect the early cognitive development and educability of urban preschool Negro children. Contents include: the background, conceptual context, and research procedures; the relation of family resources and maternal life…

In spite of the potential which experimental research methods affords counselors in the development of effective counseling services, such methods are seldom used. After briefly reviewing the arguments against experimental research and their underlying beliefs, the author sets out: (1) to explore the implications of using the laboratory to conduct…