This paper reviews 35 studies important in the historical development of field dependence, a popular research topic in psychology. The first section involves antecedents of the concept of field dependence, such as the influence of Kurt Lewin. Part two deals with the development of field dependence as an individual differences variable. Part three…

Recent case studies of social effects of rapid community growth associated with energy development in the western states have relied primarily on qualitative data with limited use of agency records, population surveys, and other secondary sources. While providing the first essential step in the orderly development of a scientific approach to…

The schema theory of comprehension as it relates to understanding while reading is reviewed in this report. Several techniques for the study of on-line measurement of comprehension are described that are based on a series of ten stories, each with two versions. The report notes that when subjects were asked to generate interpretations of stories…

This study attempts a broad look at young children's sex typing of job classifications by examining the relationship of cognitive classification skills, age and sex to a 3-dimensional measure of children's job attributions, service preferences, and personal vocation choices. These dimensions were measured, respectively, by the following questions:…

A total of 141 children, aged 6 to 10 years, were read eight illustrated attribution problems involving play and non-play behaviors and were asked to infer information concerning the story character's intrinsic or extrinsic motivation for the behaviors. Children were grouped into three age levels (mean ages 5.9, 8.8 and 10.3 years) for analysis of…

This is one of a series that is a collection of translations from the extensive Soviet literature of the past 25 years on research in the psychology of mathematics instruction. It also includes works on methods of teaching mathematics directly influenced by the psychological research. Selected papers and books considered to be of value to the…

An experiment tested the hypothesis that the outcome of a vocal nonverbal persuasion attempt can be affected by the participants' skills in nonverbal communication. Subjects' vocal sending or decoding abilities were pretested. Senders and decoders (N=54) were agents and recipients of social influence, respectively, in a field experiment in which…

This report reviews traditional research on studying and supplements it with theory and research from other areas of education and psychology to obtain a clearer picture of the way people study. The state variable of the student's knowledge of the criterion task and the processing variables of encoding and of focusing attention are explored. Some…

The major areas of concern in this paper are the information and aesthetical impacts of artwork on the human mind, and the modes, structures, and media of artwork which influence the formulation of aesthetical impact. The analysis of aesthetical information impact follows current discoveries in the disciplines of biocybernetics, system and…

Psychological approaches to the troubleshooting of complex military equipments are designed to improve the selection, motivation, and training of technicians. Methods for enhancing the understanding of the physical relations in equipment, the hierarchical analysis and practice of sub-skills, and the general logic of searching behavior are aspects…

THE OBJECTIVES WERE TO DESCRIBE THE PATTERN OF JOB SEQUENCES THAT TYPIFY A CAREER IN EDUCATION AND TO DETERMINE THE TYPES OF PRESSURES, SATISFACTIONS, AND FRUSTRATIONS THAT LEAD TEACHERS TO CONTINUE IN EDUCATION OR SEEK OTHER POSITIONS. SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS EMPLOYED IN URBAN CENTERS OF CENTRAL NEW YORK WERE INTERVIEWED. THEY INCLUDED TEACHERS…

Toman's theory of the relation of birth-order compatibility and interpersonal relations was extended to dyads (pairs) with members of the same sex. It was predicted that interpersonal compatibility between members of same-sex dyads (50 female, 27 male pairs of Vassar College roommates) would be positively correlated with birth-order compatibility…

This report discusses in detail the development and operation of the Open Door, a peer counseling center at the University of Miami, in operation since 1970. It includes the historical development, a description of the volunteer workers, the training program, and research programs concerning the Open Door. Broadly speaking, the workers provide…

The nature of young children's inaccuracy in predicting their own memory performance was studied using categorical and unrelated material. Twenty-four children at each of four grade levels (kindergarten and grades two, four, and six) were presented with 18 cards bearing pictures of concrete nouns. Categorical pictures were presented on the right…