This textbook seeks to (1) present to the young mind, unacquainted with the methods of exact reasoning, the elementary principles of arithmetic in their simplest form and combination; and (2) explain and illustrate the various applications of arithmetic in the transactions of business, and thus make known its great practical utility.

Problems in logic evident in the writing of history by contemporary historians as seen by Thompson are equivocation, false cause, anachronism, presentism, division, and composition. (JA)

The author uses Piaget's theory of child development to create directives for the general development of logical thought in elementary education and for reading instruction in particular. (JA)

Decision exercises using a finite state machine and replacement systems are described in this second of two articles. For the first article, see MT No. 62, March, 1973, pp. 50-55. (DT)

Criticized on logical grounds are the interpretations of many researchers of cognitive development in mental retardation. (DB)

Paper presented at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, on March 11, 1971. (VM)

Gross comparisons (easiest) were solvable by all; intensive comparisons (medium difficulty) were inversely related to IQ, and extensive comparisons (hardest) were easiest for low IQ, low M.A. and high IQ, high M.A. retardates. (MH)

Relative efficiency of strategies in eliciting word identifications was explored with 11 aphasic and 11 nonaphasic adults. Though number of words identified were similar, and low infralogical and low logical clues were equally efficient in eliciting target words, high logical and high infralogical clues were more efficient with nonaphasic…

Investigates logical and perceptual determinants of social-cognitive development by examining children's use of consensus information for causal attribution. Results verify the importance of perceptual processes, demonstrating that children can use consensus for person attribution earlier in development than they can for stimulus attribution.…

One of the best tools for sharpening students' problem solving skills can be found in the mystery story, which calls for logical thinking, paying attention to detail, and distinguishing between facts and assumptions. Activities that can help to develop problem solving skills are described along with several references to mystery magazines and…

Three mathematical problems are discussed to point out the need to use problems with more than one solution, but at least one readily available solution. As well as encouraging logical thinking, problems should involve pattern recognition and the generation of guesses to be tested. (MNS)

Two informal explorations attempt to assess the relationship between the number of reasons elementary school children offer to support their social diversions and the comprehensiveness of the children's thinking patterns. Subjects are 30 fifth graders in study 1 and 23 second graders in study 2. (Author/CM)

Two nonentrenched tasks are described, one requiring projection into the future of states of objects, the other requiring complex anological reasoning where multiple terms of analogies can be replaced by alternative answer options. Some speculations are made about the implications of these results for educational theory and practice. (Author/GK)