This article states that Synanon is a humanistic organization built around an innovation in organizational theory: the small group interactive process called the Synanon game. It focuses on Synanon's organizational design and theory, emphasizing placing a small group process at the core of the structured corporate-style organizational system. (KC)

Positive and punitive leader reward behavior and their longitudinal relationships with subordinate expectancies and satisfaction were studied in a large manufacturing organization. (Editor)

Examines critically the most complete theory of the encoding processes involved in learning (Craik & Lockhart, 1972; Craik, 1973; Craik & Tulving, 1975), and puts forward some suggestions about the processes involved in retrieval. (Author)

From research findings on job design and redesign, the authors conclude that all individuals may not approve job enrichment programs which may actually decrease job satisfaction. Although job satisfaction may increase with age, individual differences and other variables make research results inconclusive. (MF)

Two experiments investigated word-frequency effects with modified recall and recognition testing conditions. The procedural modifications included introducing partial copy cues and including irrelevant partial copy cues (distractor cues) in recall, and eliminating distractors from recognition tests. Words with high background frequency (HF) were…

Definitional problems surrounding the terms "hyperactivity" and "learning disabilities" cannot be fully resolved unless dimensions of behavior (intercorrelated core characteristics) can be independently identified that correspond in some way with these terms. This research utilizes a broad item pool supposedly related to learning disabilities and…

This research tested Paivio's (1971) proposal that pictorial and verbal memory codes interact with space and time. This "interaction hypothesis" states that pictorial memory codes are specialized for spatial structures and verbal memory codes are specialized for temporal structures. Tests this hypothesis by exploring several variations…

Describes an experiment in which a presumptively behavioral anxiety-management technique known as "cue-controlled relaxation" (Russell, Miller & June, 1975) was compared with a "deactivated" version of Borkovec's (1972) Avoidance Response Placebo treatment and with no intervention as means of reducing self-reported test…

Describes three experiments which investigated the mechanism underlying memory for movement-extent cues in preselection. Experiment 1 showed that memory for movement extent was better for subjects who were allowed to preselect their own standard. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the role of active movement in preselected and nonpreselected movements.…

A study was conducted to examine the relation between each of several attitudinal qualities and attitude-behavior consistency. Attitude-behavior consistency was significantly related to the amount of direct experience upon which the subject's attitude was based, the degree of certainty with which the attitude was held, and how well-defined the…

The effects of environmental stress on the processing of task-irrelevant cues of a social nature were examined. While noise did not affect memory for the task-relevant cues, task-irrelevant cues, regardless of whether they depicted calm or distressed persons, were remembered less well under noise than under quiet. (Author/MA)

Takes an in-depth look at the probabilistic nature of human communication, i.e, the misinterpretation of the language-producer message by the language comprehender. Reviews the psycho-linguistic, linguistic and philosophical literature dealing with this aspect of language and demonstrates that this misinterpretation is related to a basic process…

Some psychological issues of implication and inference were discussed and dealt with from a theoretical standpoint in an attempt to put clearly into perspective the authors' conceptions of the direction that further research in this area can take to (a) contribute to the understanding of inference and implication in relation to the total message…

Of what importance are our impressions and perceptions of others? This empirical investigation suggests that social perceptions can and do exert powerful channeling effects on subsequent social interaction such that actual behavioral confirmation of these beliefs is produced. Outlines a theoretical account of the processes believed to underlie…

Shows that the reaction to success and failure differs when it is communicated publicly or privately and when the reaction to success is measured publicly or privately. Participants took an intelligence test and received results which were positively or negatively discrepant from the average. These results are interpreted in terms of a…