Young children often endorse stereotypes--such as "girls are bad at math." We explore one mechanism through which these beliefs may be transmitted: via pragmatic inference. Specifically, we ask whether preschoolers and adults can learn about an unmentioned social group from what is said about another group, and if this inferential…

Early detection of hearing loss leads to early intervention-related decisions. Most children with cochlear implants (CIs) are born to hearing parents. Prior evidence suggests that this increased access to oral communication and the "hearing" world means oral communication is prioritized by hearing parents. Language plays a key role…

Deaf and hearing adults perceive faces differently. This study investigates whether these differences are acquired during childhood development. We characterized facial perception in deaf and hearing children aged 7-17 using a perceptual discrimination task. Configural and featural information was manipulated in the eye and mouth facial regions.…

To understand the ASD diagnosis and treatment pathways for US families, N = 38 Mexican-heritage mothers were interviewed about how and when they obtained an ASD diagnosis for their children. Most children (84%) were diagnosed between two and three years old. One-third of mothers reported receiving four to seven referrals before diagnosis. Mothers…

This study segmented the time series of gaze behavior from nineteen children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 20 children with typical development in a face-to-face conversation. A machine learning approach showed that behavior segments produced by these two groups of participants could be classified with the highest accuracy of 74.15%.…

Children's questions to their caregivers--and caregivers' questions to their children--play an important role in child development. For children on the autism spectrum, who often experience cognitive, linguistic, and social difficulties, prior research on questions has resulted in inconsistent and incomplete findings. This study characterized the…

The purpose of this action research was to enable university students to learn about children's rights with the scenarios developed based on the problem-based learning (PBL) approach. In this context, three scenarios related to daily life have been developed on the right to participate, the right to education, the right to rest, leisure, play, and…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine whether there are speech rhythm differences between preschool-age children who stutter that were eventually diagnosed as persisting (CWS-Per) or recovered (CWS-Rec) and children who do not stutter (CWNS), using empirical spectral analysis and empirical mode decomposition of the…

Background: Verbal fluency tests (VFT) are highly sensitive to cognitive deficits. Usually, the score on VFT is based on the number of correct words produced, yet it alone gives little information regarding underlying test performance. The implementation of different strategies (cluster and switching) to perform efficiently during the tasks…

Background: Mandarin-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties producing aspect markers. The difficulties were explained in terms of pragmatic deficits since these children demonstrated strength in the comprehension of aspect markers using the Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL) task. Aims: To verify whether this…

Adults have a vertical attention bias (VAB) that directs their focus toward object tops and scene bottoms. This is consistent with focusing attention on the informative aspects and affordances of the environment, and generally favoring a downward gaze. The smaller size of children, combined with their relatively limited interactions with objects…

Processing speed is a component of general intelligence and an indicator of learning potential. There is a need for robust measures of mental speed based on contemporary theoretical developments. The current study addressed this need by proposing a mental speed test for children aged 60 to 96 months (5 to 8 years) and examining its psychometric…

Despite the potential benefits of children's confrontations of other children's racial biases--especially for targets of bias--little is known about how young children react upon observing instances of racial discrimination. In the present research, child participants completed a novel measure designed to test their reactions to another child's…

Social adaptive functioning is notably compromised and may be further impaired by aggressive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the association between aggressive behavior and social adaptive skills in children with ASD and the contribution of aggressive behavior to social adaptive skills in a combined…

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have more frequent use of healthcare services, including visits to the emergency department (ED). Medical care for children with ASD can be adversely affected by the highly stimulating environment of the ED. In this study, we gained insights from stakeholders with lived experience (parents of children…