Male and female college students experienced either partial reinforcement (persistence training) or continuous reinforcement on either of two instrumental tasks as therapy for failure-induced depression and subsequently were exposed to protracted failure (extinction). Durable and partly generalizable persistence training effects were shown.…

The aims of this note are (a) to present data that show current trends in the choice of factor rotation in clinical research; (b) to propose that oblique rotations are inadequately represented in this literature; and (c) to present specific guidelines for rotation in clinical research. (Author)

Reports on research on point of view and its effect on reading processes. (AM)

Excerpted from the second volume of his three-part autobiography, this essay describes B. F. Skinner's first year as a graduate student at Harvard University. Although he focuses on his study of psychology, particularly behaviorism, Skinner also discusses his interest in physiology. (JMD)

Evaluates the effects of Zen meditation on personality and values, casts serious doubts on certain studies that report astonishingly positive results after only a few weeks of meditation, and offers some suggestions to improve research methodology with regard to a most important contemporary phenomenon. (Author/RK)

Investigates the impact of high and low leader structure on self-actualization (Shostrom, 1966) for internal and external participants in a 23-hour marathon group experience. (Author/RK)

Successful performance in mathematics rests not only on general skills but also on general attitudes and traits such as perseverance, self-confidence, willingness to try out a hunch, and appreciation for exactness. (MM)

A total of 15 acute schizophrenics, 11 acute psychotic depressives, and 15 normal subjects completed a multitrial free-recall task. Results indicated that with lists of relatively high semantic content, the recall impairment displayed by schizophrenics and depressives stems mainly from an inability to completely use perceived structuring of the…

The original impetus for this work was to characterize the extent to which olfactory experience can be incorporated into cognitive processes. The finding is that there is a respectable but limited verbal association learning and retention capability for odor stimuli in man. (Author)

The degree of equality or equity in reward allocations made by men and women is explored in three studies. (Editor)

Attempts to show the value of Marx's analysis for humanistic psychology by summarizing Marx's view as a possible vantage point from which to examine critically modern models of human development and compares Marx's work with the main body of humanistic psychology. (Author/RK)

One hundred and thirty-eight post-graduate students enrolled in a Diploma in Education course were tested for their ability to conserve weight and volume. A methodological criticism of the earlier work of Elkind (1962) and Towler & Wheatley (1971) is offered which casts doubt on the extremely high proportion of non-conservers of volume reported in…

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on 3- and 4-year-old children of exposure to a four-month program administered by mothers at home and organized through the local primary school or nursery. The expectation was that significant cognitive and linguistic gains would accrue from program participation. (Author/RK)

The response times of 32 process schizophrenics and 16 nonhospitalized controls were compared on three visual search tasks. Results suggest that process schizophrenics are not abnormally slow when extracting information from visual displays, and they appear to perform similar operations and strategies to those of normals when doing so. (Editor/RK)