The authors draw upon both Soviet and American literature to present an overview of the components of story problem solving as it relates to remedial instruction for learning disabled students. Factors within the individual problem solver are explored, and strategies children use in solving problems are examined. Particular attention is paid to…

Strategies used by 15 fifth and sixth grade students to comprehend written problem solving tasks were identified. A naturalistic protocol analysis procedure was used to gather and analyze students' verbal and written responses to 55 selected reading and thinking tasks. In the ten tasks selected for detailed analysis, students demonstrated marked…

To discover what aspects of number conservation tasks prevent young children from conserving, two components of number conservation tasks were investigated. A test was made of the following two hypotheses: (1) the frequency of conservation responses varies significantly with the materials used, (2) the frequency of conservation responses varies…

The relationship between transformation problem performance and Guilford Structure of Intellect (SI) abilities is explored. During two group sessions 42 females and 35 males, age 18-39, were administered 12 Guilford SI tests exemplifying all five symbolic content (numeric) operations, and three contents in the divergent production area. Logical…

The mediational linkage between class inclusion and role-taking skills was investigated by studying the effects of a successive perspective-taking training technique on the consolidation of class inclusion structures. Sixty preoperational Irish boys were given two pretest measures of class inclusion and two of role-taking. They were then grouped…

THE AUTHOR'S PURPOSE IN THIS CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CURRENT LINGUISTIC THOUGHT IS TO "INVITE LINGUISTS TO FREE THEMSELVES FROM THOSE BELIEFS WHICH REST ULTIMATELY UPON CERTAIN PHILOSOPHICAL COMMITMENTS" AND WHICH HAVE BEEN ACCEPTED (IN HER OPINION) WITHOUT PROPER ASSESSMENT. SOME OF THE BELIEFS SHE QUESTIONS ARE--(1) THAT LINGUISTIC METHOD…

Matching accuracy and strategy utilization in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults was examined in a series of intramodal, haptic match-to-standard problems. Results indicated that elderly adults were less successful in solving the haptic problems. They also displayed less systematic and logical haptic search strategies. (Author)

Five-year-old children were trained on the length relationships between adjacent members of a five-term series of sticks, and subsequently tested on their abilities (1) to judge the length relationships between nonadjacent pairs of the series, and (2) to incorporate an unseen novel stick into the series through inference. (CM)

Discusses problems in finding a place for logic in a model of reasoning and develops a conception of an overall model, one of whose components is strictly logical in nature. A new view of the logical function of "if-then" is proposed, then the logic is developed, and its relation to standard propositional logic is established. Also discusses…

Study 1 asked second through sixth graders, who could answer inclusion questions, to answer such questions without empirical information about relative quantity and to predict whether subordinate classes could be made larger than their superordinate classes. In study 2, children's performance in two part-whole domains, classes and collections, was…

Two studies examined constructive memory in sentence-recognition tasks as a function of lexical factors, logical ability to make transitive inferences, memory load, and age (kindergarten, first, and third grade children.) (Author/JMB)

Four aspects of the relationship between mathematics and language are examined. (SD)

Uses a case study to illustrate problems associated with historical reasoning. The problems highlighted are confusion over the difference between reason and cause, enthusiasm of the antiquarian, misguided search for "essence," misconceptions as to when to quantify, propagandistic tendencies, equating sensationalism with importance,…

Proposes Toulmin approach to logic as an organic process alternative to the battlefield model of argumentation. Shows that in a Toulmin four part argument structure--data, warrant, backing and claim--the argument field from which the warrant and the backing arise determines the data available to support the claim. Thus the relativity of multiple…