"The ethic underlying the survival of capitalism (sexual repression and hard work), is disappearing as the system struggles to create an impulse-indulgent society of consumers. Psychotherapists have become the new gurus explaining life's elusive purpose." (Author/JM)

"Psychologists in the People's Republic of China are engaged in research concerning theory, Chinese language, child development, vision, audition, and areas of physiological psychology including acupuncture, pain, memory, and central nervous system functioning. The Institute of Psychology within the Chinese Academy of Sciences represents the…

Considers whether students will remember only the meaning of a lecture or the meaning plus the actual words used and if there is a difference in the amount of memory for various types of statements. In particular, are topic statements remembered better than mere illustrative material and is there preferential memory for extraneous statements…

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that proactive interference over a series of Brown-Peterson trials results from a combination of the subject's failure to transfer information to a permanent memory state and failure to retrieve information from permanent memory. (Editor)

This paper argues that statistical inference practices in both educational and psychological research should be directed away from traditional significance tests in favor of Bayesian inferential methods. Regular use of exploratory data analytic methods is recommended in conjunction with computer intensive resampling methods. Approaches to…

The distribution of technical and substantive structural equation modeling (SEM) articles published in psychological journals from 1987 to 1994 was studied through inspection of more than 1,050 abstracts in the "PsycLIT" system. There has been a clear increase in the number of journals and the number of substantive SEM articles. (SLD)

Presents an overview of the most distinctive psychological theories of aging promulgated after World War II. Groups theoretical developments into three periods: (1) Classical Period, which includes developmental tasks/activity theory; (2) Modern Period, which includes theories on life-span development and aging; and (3) New Period, represented by…

A review of groundbreaking studies in child development by Piaget, Vygotsky, Baillargeon, Premack, and Woodruff suggests that the ideal learning environment would need to have developmentally appropriate and challenging activities; nurturing experts; plenty of social interaction; and opportunities for problem solving, thoughtful reflection, and…

Meta-analyses of sex differences in attitudes and affect specific to mathematics found that effects were small in size and similar to sex differences in mathematics performance. When differences did exist, the pattern was for females to hold more negative attitudes than males. However, males held more sex-stereotyped attitudes than did females.…

Examined effects of personality and performance on reward allocation. Subjects were 89 Hong Kong senior high school students. Results showed that the subjects took into consideration the recipient's personality when they allocated reward to a relatively low performer. Personality was not a factor in allocation of reward to a high performer. (GG)

Describes study that compared results of two inventories, one based on cognitive psychology and one from educational research, that measured university students' study styles and strategies. Factor analyses of the inventories and correlations between are reported, and research results from the United States and from other countries are discussed.…

Discusses what traditional science encompasses and what a science of values might encompass. Presents the shortcomings inherent in the traditional scientific approach by discussing phenomena that illustrate how values of individuals can be created and destroyed by certain kinds of experiences. Examines economic imperialism and changing means-ends…

Proposes a cognitive-neoassociationistic model to account for the effects of negative affect on the development of angry feelings and the display of emotional aggression. Summarizes psychological studies that indicate that attention to one's negative feelings can lead to a regulation of the overt effects of the negative affect. (FMW)

Compares the stress levels and reactions to stress of 804 female and 127 male college students and examines their relationship to self-esteem, confidence, and self-concept. Concludes that sex differences in dysfunctional reactions to stress are related to sex differences in self-concepts, whereas sex differences in areas of stress are not related…