Since the pandemic, the United States has faced tremendous teacher shortages (Riser-Kositsky, 2021) and national organizations have called for measures to address barriers related to teacher hiring and retention (NEA, 2022a., b; White House, 2022). Many states -- including California -- require pre-service teachers to pass state performance…

This study developed a scale to assess high school students' programming disposition. The scale was developed by utilizing a standardized test development process. The three constructs of the scale, namely confidence, persistence and flexible thinking, consisted of 9 items (3 items on each construct). Participants for the formal test of the scale…

It is clear that we have to do something in our time concerning global warming yet before we can actually change the world, we must first understand our world. According to Heidegger, technology itself is not good or bad, but the problem is, that technological thinking (calculative thinking) has become the only form of thinking. Heidegger saw that…

This research conceived multivariate learning concepts and aimed at the implementation of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) life learning of face recognition, self-driving, and robots' situational issues into problem-based learning (PBL) in natural science. This research put forward problem-solving and group cooperation in which students…

Education worldwide has emphasized 21st-century competencies, including language competence, computer competence, and thinking skills. Research on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), essential teacher knowledge, has attempted to address the need for technology integration to support thinking skills. However, existing TPACK…

Secondary mathematics teachers' use of formative assessments have shown promise for developing models of their students' mathematical thinking and informing their instruction. While the complexities of secondary mathematics teachers' formative assessment practices are often captured in qualitative research, there is a critical need for synthesized…

Clarity Learning Model (CLM) is an innovative model developed based on the excellence of IBL that is tailored to the needs of advanced clarification critical thinking ability through the implementation of distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to test the effectiveness of CLM that has qualified valid. The type of research…

Objective: Engaging in a healthy diet and positive lifestyle behaviors have been shown to improve cognitive functioning in children and older adults, however, few have examined these factors in college-aged students. Participants: A diverse sample of 115 college students were recruited on two university campuses. Method: Completed computerized…

We examine how elementary STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics) teachers designed and implemented instructional practices to encourage computational thinking (CT) during problem-solving activities. After teachers created STEAM lessons aligned with state standards and CT practices, students made artifacts while solving…

This study was conducted to examine the effects of the socio-scientific issue (SSI) approach assisted by the future thinking map (FTM) on five constructs of future thinking, namely (i) understanding the current situation, (ii) identifying the trends, (iii) analyzing the relevant drivers, (iv) synthesizing the possibilities or needs of the future…

The Alien Worlds project teaches ethnographic skills using the societies of dystopian, postapocalyptic, and science fiction texts as imagined field sites and targets for analysis. These exercises and assignments, which illustrate principles of qualitative fieldwork, were developed when COVID-19 precautions made it impossible to assign tasks that…

The ability to formulate problems is an important part of computational thinking (CT) development for nurturing creative problem solvers. However, problem formulation is inadequately addressed in primary school education. This study aimed to investigate the problem formulation processes of primary school students. Students from eight winning teams…

Background: Computational thinking (CT) is regarded as an essential 21st-century skill, and attempts have been made to integrate it into other subjects. Instructional approaches to CT development and assessment in the field of computer science have attracted global attention, but the influence of CT skills on other subject areas is…

Inspired by existing literature indicating that reading literacy is significantly associated with scientific reasoning and chemistry conceptual understanding, this quasi-experimental study explored the effectiveness of reflective reading of scientific articles on student inquiry performance. A total of 134 10th graders from southern Taiwan were…

Although some previous studies have investigated the relationship between moral foundations and moral judgment development, the methods used have not been able to fully explore the relationship. In the present study, we used Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) in order to address the limitations in traditional regression methods that have been used…