To determine the impact of causal relationships and shared features in the use of analogy, subjects in two separate studies were informed of the behavior of six members of a little known primitive tribe and asked to make predictions on the behavior of additional tribe members based on their perceived similarities with the original group. Results…

Although millions of young children spend much of their lives in classrooms, research rarely provides guidance to teachers organizing classrooms for play activities. Psychological literature on social play and pretend play illustrates the absence of clear guidance. Whereas early research posited a progression through levels of social play (i.e.,…

The goal of books in this series is to present work that is on the growing tip of research in cognitive development. The theme of this volume is children's logical and mathematical cognition, a field in which Piaget's influence has been extensive. In the first of the six chapters, Acredolo presents a new theory of the cognitive bases for…

Discusses six impediments to independent expression of opinion: risks of disapproval, lack of perceived alternatives, fear of disrupting the proceedings, absence of shared communication, inability to feel responsibility, and sense of impotence. Asserts that to overcome these impediments, socialization oriented to the critical evaluation of…

Discusses briefly some general problems in the development of taxonomic systems applicable to descriptions of human performance and tasks, describing some alternative approaches and provisional classification schemes, and reviewing some attempts to evaluate the utility and validity of these systems. (Author/JM)

Discusses a study concerned with the identification of the perceptions that Anglo teachers, children, and parents, and Chicano children and parents hold of each other, and the implications of cultural differences and similarities in the education of Chicanos. The study involved 12 Anglo teachers, 10 Chicano and 10 Anglo children, and 10 Chicano…

Two groups of college students' accounts of recalled parent's child rearing patterns were examined and compared in this study by means of two objective personality measures. (Author/DEP)

In coping with the problems that have arisen from the rulings of the Supreme Court on equal employment opportunities, a preemployment test was devised that combined miniature job training with tests which are content relevant to all who are tested. (RK)

This study is concerned with the perception of competence in men and women. It examines the stereotypes that men and women have of each other, as revealed by the interrelations of traits that make up their descriptions of other people. (Author)

A report of the growth and present status of the mini-computer based, time sharing laboratory at the University of Indiana, which describes the system hardware, software, and applications in psychological experimentation. (EH)

The major purpose of the present experiment was to assess the impact of student-generated and expert-generated knowledge maps on the effectiveness of post-organizer construction, initial acquisition, and transfer. Sixty students at the University of Missouri-Rolla were included in this study. Participants were required to study a passage and…

This discussion of the development and use of the ARCS model, a system for improving the motivational appeal of instructional materials, instructor behavior, and course/lesson design, begins by considering the need for a such a system. Noting that research on motivation is included in several different research fields and theoretical orientations,…

This document reports on a study of the self-concept of students enrolled in a continuation high school. A random sample of 40 students was selected from a school of 190 students. All were administered the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale to determine their feelings about themselves, and an author-prepared questionnaire to determine…

Monte Carlo studies of statistical tests are prominently featured in the methodological research literature. Unfortunately, the information from these studies does not appear to have significantly influenced methodological practice in educational and psychological research. One reason is that Monte Carlo studies lack an overarching theory to guide…

A two-group randomized multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to investigate the effects of cognitive-behavioral hypnosis in reducing test anxiety and improving academic performance in comparison to a Hawthorne control group. Subjects were enrolled in a rigorous introductory psychology course which covered an entire text in one…