The idea of assessment as learning is discussed, along with the practical history of assessment, and how student assessments should be conducted. Background information covers the use of assessment in business and government, as well as in education and psychology. It is proposed that assessment include: multidimensional sampling of students'…

Over the last 10 years, Danish schools have made a rapid transition from a selective system to a comprehensive system. By 1990, it is estimated, practically no schools in Denmark will differentiate between "basic" and "advanced" students. Although most Western European countries have attempted comprehensive schooling, few have…

Literature on school effects is inconclusive regarding which characteristics of schools are important to study. The research reported in this paper, which explores the effects of schools on mathematics and science performance, alters prior models in two ways. First, the schools are examined in terms of the school context, that is, whether the…

Characteristics and trends of U.S. Foreign Medical Students who sought transfers from foreign to U.S. medical schools via the Coordinated Transfer Application System (COTRANS) from the beginnning of the program in 1970 up to the present is presented. The overall focus is on the five-year time period, 1972 through 1976. Descriptions of…

The fifth of eight related documents, this booklet is part of a series of papers presented at the 1978 National Right to Read Conference examining issues and problems in literacy. In examining the issue of student accountability, this booklet first sets forth the prototypical case of pupil illiteracy and surveys the arguments that can be made for…

A random sample of 175 compositions on the same topic (a lost suitcase) was used in a study examining the correlations between holistic (single impression) and quantitative methods of evaluating student writing. The sample contained 25 papers from each of the following grade levels: four/five, and seven through twelve. A panel of three readers…

This study was conducted to establish the existence of grade inflation and show that the ability of college students has remained constant. The second purpose was to examine the effect of grade inflation on the validity of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Two types of analyses were performed to gather data. A longitudinal analysis of selected…

Of primary interest in this study was the effect of general ability on learning. It was hypothesized that students higher in general ability would obtain higher posttest scores on the average than lower ability students, and that verbal and figural explanatory supplements to minimal instructional materials would reduce the regression of general…

The proceedings of the First Mastery Learning Conference begins with Rocco Caponigri's introduction and Oscar E. Shabat's discussion of the importance of mastery learning to community colleges as they attempt to educate large numbers of underprepared students. Next, Benjamin S. Bloom examines the shifting emphasis in education research from…

A sample of 31 male and 31 female seniors participated in a study designed to correlate critical thinking achievement and scholastic aptitude. The subjects completed the "Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal" (WGCTA), and these scores were correlated with the subjects' scores for the "Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test"…

The report evaluates the Follow Through Program in New York City, a federally-funded early childhood program with wide-ranging services and extensive goals. This evaluation considers not only the academic achievement of students in this program but also factors such as classroom dynamics, teacher attitudes, children's self-esteem, and parental…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE A TESTING METHOD FOR OBTAINING OBJECTIVE, QUANTIFIED, PREDICTIVE MEASURES OF EDUCABILITY FOR MENTAL RETARDATES. THE METHOD WAS DESIGNED TO MEASURE ABILITIES ON WHICH EDUCATION DEPENDS--NAMELY, THE ABILITY TO LEARN UNDER TRAINING, TO TRANSFER THE TRAINING, AND TO RETAIN THE LEARNING. TWO SAMPLES WERE…

VARIOUS WAYS WERE EXPLORED BY WHICH PRIOR OR PREREQUISITE LEARNING AFFECTS THE LEARNING OF HIGHER ORDER (CRITERION) MATERIAL WHICH BUILDS ON PREVIOUS EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS. THE INVESTIGATION WAS CONCERNED WITH THREE INSTRUCTIONAL VARIABLES (PACING, PRACTICE, AND NUMBER OF STAGES IN A LEARNING HIERARCHY) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LEARNING RETENTION…

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT INDIVIDUALIZED READING BASED ON INFORMAL AND CONTROLLED STUDIES ARE PRESENTED. RESEARCH INDICATES THAT THERE ARE NO HOMOGENEOUS CLASSES, ALTHOUGH VARIOUS GROUPING PLANS HAVE ATTEMPTED TO NARROW THE RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. INFORMAL STUDIES BY SOME TEACHERS WHO HAVE TRIED INDIVIDUALIZED READING IN THEIR CLASSROOMS REFLECT…

RELATIVELY ABLE, WELL-MOTIVATED COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES AND GRADUATES WERE ASSIGNED AT RANDOM TO 3 GROUPS AND TAUGHT FORTRAN PROGRAMING BY COMPUTER, PROGRAMED TEXT (LINEAR TYPE) AND CONVENTIONAL TEXT. GOAL OF THE COURSE WAS TO USE THE COMPUTER TO ACHIEVE INTELLIGENT INDIVIDUALIZATION OF INSTRUCTION BASED ON EACH STUDENT'S PERFORMANCE.…