Analyzes what is known about how children's judgments of their intellectual competence and their definition and criteria for evaluating competence change with age and experience in achievement contexts. (PCB)

Presents a view of Japanese education based on the experiences and observations of an American educator. Explains cultural contrasts, educational aspects and model, and the question of discipline. A Japanese educator responds with a personal view on educational equality in ability. (RT)

Examined the possibility of gender-by-content achievement differences in computer-based instruction (CBI) in mathematics and language arts. From a study of eighth-grade students (n=50), one of the findings was a significant three-way interaction between gender and ability from the pretest to the posttest in mathematics CBI but not in language arts…

Whether male and female high school students of high mathematics ability use different solution strategies on problems whose responses had previously shown gender differences was studied with 25 males and 22 females. Females were more likely to use conventional problem-solving strategies, and the use of conventional strategies was associated with…

Reviews research related to children's musical development. Reports on a study of 125 kindergarten and first-grade students on the impact of modification of timbre and register of musical stimuli. Finds that timbre modification helped children recognize chord changes with first graders identifying more changes than did kindergartners. (CFR)

Maintains that ability-group tracking focuses on two issues: (1) whether tracking is more effective in promoting student learning; and (2) whether all students benefit from tracking to the same degree. Concludes that tracking, as currently practiced, tends to be both inequitable and, at least for some students, ineffective. (CFR)

Presents a case study of the bilingual section established in a modular business studies course taught in Spanish and designed to integrate the themes of "business" and "information studies" within a single subject. The teachers were expert in the subject studied and the language concerned, and the students had an adequate…

Investigated differences between middle school and junior high instructional strategies and the effects on adolescent attitude toward science in school and science achievement (n=570) and evaluated variations within grade level, gender, race, general ability, and socioeconomic group. Discusses results in terms of effectively implementing changes…

This paper argues that using intelligence as an aptitude benchmark in defining reading disability conceals unsupported assumptions about educational potential and makes it difficult to differentiate the cognitive characteristics of dyslexic children from those of other poor readers. The use of a more educationally relevant aptitude measure such as…

Major presentations at an American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers forum are summarized, including (1) a report of a study of students' perceptions of racial climate on their campuses; and (2) a discussion of access, ability, and achievement among minority group college students. Additional conference group discussions…

Achievers and underachievers were tested on multiple measures of ability, attributions, self-esteem, reading awareness, and reading performance. Achievers differed from underachievers in beliefs about utility of effort, self-esteem, enhanced reading awareness, and strategic performance. Achievers, but not underachievers, associated their skills…

Compared at-risk and high-ability ethnic minority freshmen groups to determine differences in their receptiveness to campus support services in four areas: academic assistance, personal counseling, social enrichment, and career counseling. Results revealed that students receptive to career counseling achieved higher grade point average than their…

Focuses on relationships between high school graduates' personal characteristics and the nature of the postsecondary institutions they attend. Suggests that within the matching process is a sorting mechanism that reinforces nonmeritocratic tendencies. Analyzes national data for the high school class of 1980. Finds, that socioeconomic background…

Urges a rethinking of equality regarding education. Emphasizes that equal access to education will not provide equality of ability. Suggests that educational administration somehow must select and foster excellence in those of ability while promoting fraternity and maintenance of dignity among everyone. Recommends cooperation between philosophers…

Describes a study that examined the relative impact of 44 independent variables on performance in a business simulation used in an administrative policy course. Categories of variables include ability, motivation, interest, confidence, cohesion, and organizational formality; and results indicate that motivation and interest have the most effect on…