Data from testing suggest that the ingestion of caffeine in the amount typically found in a single bottle of commercially available cola drink does not increase factors associated with coronary risk nor will it have an enhancing effect upon athletic performance. (MB)

A study assessing the relationship between physiological and anthropometrical variables and cycling performance time found that anaerobic threshhold and body circumference ratio correlated highly with cycling performance time. (Author/CB)

A brief reveiw of the anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics of bone is presented. The effects of exercise and disuse on bone density and bone mineral are stressed. (Author/MT)

This article discusses the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of painful shoulder in swimmers, including: regional problems that can cause shoulder pain; physical, clinical, and laboratory tests for diagnostic use; and approaches to management of the problem. (Author/CB)

This report traces the immunological components of the cancer process and illustrates how vital a role is played by stress. The work of the Simontons is used to discuss the relationship between stress, the immune system and cancer. Hypnotic visualization techniques and their effects on the immune system are also reviewed. (Author)

This study examined the effect of preliminary walking on free fatty acid responses and substrate utilization during a 40-minute treadmill run by experienced male distance runners. Conclusions are presented. (Author/MT)

Hormonal and metabolic changes, an essential part of the body's response to endurance exercise, are described. (Author/MT)

This study compared physiological adaptations of 26 sedentary volunteers to six-week programs of jogging and rope skipping in order to test whether 10 minutes of rope skipping is equal to 30 minutes of jogging for improved cardiovascular efficiency. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)

Eccentric exercise, in which the muscles exert force by lengthening, is associated with delayed onset muscle soreness. How soreness occurs, how recovery proceeds, and what precautions athletes should take are described. (Author/MT)

This study investigated selected physiological changes that occurred with distance training in 19 females aged 13 to 19. After 20 weeks there were significant differences in oxygen uptake for the trained group and no differences for the control group, showing results similar to training effects for males and other age groups. (Author/MT)

The phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste test was investigated for its potential as a genetically based biological marker for depression. Results indicated PTC tasters reported significantly higher levels of depression on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) than nontasters and they scored higher on 5 of the 21 items. (Author/BL)

Athletes, including recreational athletes, must cope with stress, both from within and from others. The causes of stress, identifying the distressed athlete, and coping with stress are dealt with. (MT)

So far as we know, the brain is unlike any other structure in the universe, and perhaps only the vast complexity of the universe itself presents conceptual problems equally impenetrable. While much that is useful has been learned, the working of the brain remains elusive. (MT)

A conceptualization of the triune brain is described as offering an opportunity for a new learning paradigm that has great significance for education. (Author)

Approaches the regulation of aging by perturbing the rate of senescent changes in studying how the modulating agent exerts its effects. Shows that very subtle molecular changes may be involved in the overall regulation of cellular aging. (Author/BL)