Although some have argued that the type of language and cognitive defects shown by autistic children almost certainly reflects forebrain dysfunctions, current studies point to the possibility that some autistic children may have dysfunction of neural systems in the brainstem. (Author)

The Olympic Training Center at Squaw Valley is available to individuals and groups interested in advanced skill development. It offers training in sports and sports medicine techniques. Its use by the Olympic synchronized swimming team is highlighted. (JMF)

Results showed that concentrations of testosterone were significantly greater in the umbilical blood of newborn males than females. In both sexes, firstborns had significantly more progesterone and estrogens than later borns, and among males, firstborns had higher concentrations of testosterone. Temporal spacing of childbirths had greater effects…

Assessed the heritability of response to exercise training in resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) among sedentary Caucasians comprising 98 families who completed an exercise training program. Results indicated that the trainability of systolic BP and HR in families with elevated BP was partially determined by genetic factors. Diastolic…

Investigated the effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO) ingestion on physical and mental function associated with performing high-intensity exercise. Physically active adults completed physical activities while researchers assessed them. CHO or placebo drinks were consumed before starting and at halftime. CHO ingestion resulted in 37 percent…

The biological process by which memory occurs is examined, through the study of changes over time in neuromuscular synapses. Research of the process of synapse elimination in mice shows that when damaged nerves reconnect, only receptors of the winning nerve eventually remain; other receptors fade away, leaving part of the endplate permanently…

Air Pollution is a common environmental stressor affecting the training and competitive performance of athletes, commonly irritating the eyes, nose, and throat. The health and exercise effects of such primary and secondary air pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, air particulates, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide are discussed. (CB)

Taking in food introduces exogenous materials into a body that is maintaining its internal environment as near to optimal parameters as possible. People learn to tolerate the disruptive event of food intake, making adjustments to minimize impact, even though necessary, on the body. (SLD)

Discusses psychological and behavioral interventions used to help clients deal with chronic pain from the standpoint of clients' relationship to the physiology of chronic pain. Claims when both mental health counselor and client have good understanding of physiology of chronic pain, the shared knowledge can be effectively applied to maximize…