A program of research was conducted to study transitions from preoperational to concrete operational forms of spatial imagery (area 1), to compare results from spatial imagery studies based on open-ended measures (such as drawings) with results based on reaction time measures (area 2), and to study anticipatory imagery in the contexts of memory…

The French of English speaking students of French as a second language is compared with "francais populaire" (FP) in order to determine similarities in their tendency toward simplified grammar and morphology. Simplifying characteristics that are typical of FP were obtained from French working class sources, while simplification patterns…

Data from 32 state assessments in mathematics (conducted in 1984 and earlier) are analyzed in this document. The high degree of variability across the states is stressed, with some of the points of variation in the test development, administration, and analysis process noted. Information is then presented on topics on which students are doing well…

Recent research on solving addition and subtraction word problems has resulted in the construction of theoretical models of children's problem-solving processes. Some of these models have been translated into computer programs. Characteristics and predictions of the theoretical analysis developed by Riley, Greeno, and Heller (1983) are discussed…

Based on the premise that teaching basic writing involves first understanding what tends to go wrong when students write, a computer assisted system of error prediction and analysis was designed to improve college students' writing skills in both English and French. Students were to complete a sequenced series of writing assignments first in…

As part of a series of studies dealing with varieties of interference in sentence learning as assessed by multiple choice tests, a study was undertaken to explore the effects of pictures on inferentially produced interference in recognition memory for sentence information. The subjects were 104 first grade students and 104 fourth, fifth, and sixth…

Linear syllogisms present two premises, each describing a relation between two terms. The individual's task is to infer the relation among the three terms of the linear syllogism, and then answer a question about one or more of these relations. For example, "John is taller than Bob. Sam is shorter than Bob. Who is the tallest?" Students…

A new diagnostic modeling system for automatically synthesizing a deep structure model of a student's misconceptions or bugs in his/her basic mathematics skills provides a mechanism for explaining why a student is making a mistake as opposed to simply identifying the mistake. This report consists of four sections. The first provides examples of…

The reversal errors in the printing of 51 first grade students were examined. These children were asked to print a series of reversible target figures (letters and numbers, such as 2-s, p-q, p-9, and b-d) that were presented alone and with their mirror-image counterparts. To control for the possibility that the mere presence of another figure…

Children's spelling errors were examined to determine the relationships between linguistic cues used (phonetic, graphemic, and morphophonemic), grade level, reading proficiency, and spelling proficiency. The standardized reading and spelling test scores of 180 second, third, and fourth grade students were used to randomly select 22 good…

This paper describes the Qualitative Analysis of Silent and Oral Reading Instrument (QASOR), which was developed to provide an alternative to the Reading Miscue Inventory for observing the oral and silent reading of students in the middle and secondary grades. An overview of QASOR shows that it is designed for use by reading specialists and…

Training methods naturally employed by trainers were analyzed and compared to systematic structured training procedures. Trainers were observed teaching retarded subjects how to assemble a bicycle brake, roller skate, carburetor, and lawn mower engine. Trainers first taught using their own (personal) method, which was recorded in terms of types of…

The procedures used for locating documents on diagnosis and prescription in mathematics are described, and the coding system used in reporting the documents is explained. Appendices include lists of basic documents, basic sources, frequently cited authors, and relevant phrases and concepts; a partial bibliography of documents concerned with…

Without rigorous evaluation during the development cycle of computer assisted instruction programs, diagnosis and revision of the courseware is likely to be haphazard and inefficient, and the probability of the course being a success is greatly reduced. This article provides guidance for developers of computer assisted instructional software in…

The UNT project (Instructional Methods in German), begun in 1965 and ended in 1974, had as its principal aims (1) to investigate scientifically certain prerequisites for and methodological approaches to teaching German to Swedish comprehensive school pupils and (2) in the light of this investigation and with the aid of successive trails and…