A 5-trial social-conditional reasoning task was administered to 80 children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. The results indicated that by 4 years of age children are able to reason from a premise to its logical conclusion in reasoning about the probable behavior of others. (JMB)

Investigated were the problem solving strategies of 116 educable mentally retarded adolescents and 65 nonretarded mental age-equated fourth graders. (Author/DB)

Presents ordering theory as a useful method in the identification and validation of logical hierarchies among tasks that measure student development. An example shows the application of ordering theory to the measurement of college students' decision making about careers. (Author/ABB)

Proposes tools and methods for teachers and students to use in the classroom to organize and stimulate ideas, imagination, memory, improvisation, and writing. Sample outlines and grids serve as methods for helping learners understand specific concepts. (MSE)

The real intention of liberal education is the development of right intellectual reasoning about human experience, of which justice is the result. (MSE)

Contends that a political science class is an excellent place to help students learn better writing skills. Argues that by doing so, students will develop better thinking skills for political science inquiry. Discusses obstacles to helping students improve writing skills and offers six guidelines to help students develop writing skills in a…

Examines the development of work perceptions in adolescents (12 to 18 years old) from a relational-developmental perspective. From this viewpoint, adolescents' perceptions and understanding of work and related areas, such as employment and unemployment, varied across age and, to a limited extent, across levels of formal reasoning operations.…

Examines school recess playground activities of second and fifth graders. A one-year follow-up assessment also measured logical reasoning, interpersonal understanding, and understanding of game rules. Both grade and gender differences were found in the complexity of children's activities. Discusses results in terms of social and sex role…

Contends that school science programs should return to the visionary programs of the 1960's, which developed logical thinking and problem solving. These have since given way to a barren emphasis on fact acquisition and "cookbook" lab activities. (TE)

Argues that science programs developed during the 1960's should be replaced by "science/technology/society" (S/T/S) programs, which build on students' curiosity and concern about local problems. (TE)

Tested integrated learning set training on unidimensional classification, unidimensional seriation, and number conservation for kindergarten children lagging in cognitive development. Subjects (N=22) receiving instruction had low scores on Educational Ability Series (EAS) of Science Research Associates' Survey of Basic Skills. Subjects made twice…

Reports on the positive effect on 400 Venezuelan seventh graders of a course developed to teach cognitive skills that apply to learning and intellectual development. The course stresses observation and classification, reasoning, critical use of language, problem solving, inventiveness, and decision making. (PS)

Examines the extent to which the inability to translate decisionally relevant information into matrix form and knowledge about decision rule use act as impediments to consistent choice-making. Indicates that instruction, in decision matrix construction and decision rule application, increases students' decision making consistency. (JK)

Reviews the ReQuest model of teaching (Manzo, 1969), a sequential approach to reading which flows from predicting what a passage will be about to structured questioning by students and teacher. Reports the results of a study (n = 15) of the effectiveness of this procedure in a juvenile corrections setting. (JDH)

Presents findings of a study of scientists on the Wason four-card selection task, finding little understanding of the effect of disconfirmatory data in assessing conditionals. Found performance influenced by problem content. Explains performance as memory-cueing plus reasoning-by-analogy. (JM)