Includes sample diagrams. (SP)

Four algorithms for subtraction are described: borrow and pay back,'' equal additiions, shopkeepers' subtraction,'' and decomposition. (DT)

An example is provided of remediation activities for learning disabled adolescents having a specific computation difficulty with place value and the subtraction with regrouping algorhythm. A seven-day remediation procedure, which may be used with the other basic operations, fades from the concrete to the symbolic mode. (CL)

Discusses the importance of developing teachers' computational fluency so that they can effectively support their students' fluency work. Provides suggestions for helping teachers develop computational fluency with subtraction. (Author/NB)

Discusses classroom practices that promote the understanding of number concepts in the primary grades. (Author/NB)

Investigates the commonly suggested rounding rule for addition and subtraction including its derivation from a basic assumption. Uses Monte-Carlo simulations to show that this rule predicts the minimum number of significant digits needed to preserve precision 100% of the time. (Author/KHR)

The aim of the study was to analyze the development of children's adaptive expertise in computing sums and differences up to 100. We defined the adaptive nature of children's strategy choices on the basis of problem (addition, subtraction), achievement, and strategy performance (accuracy, speed). Sixty-nine 2nd graders of high, above-average, or…

All learners, including those who qualify for special education services, should have access to learning mathematical concepts. This study examined the efficacy of using hands-on sets of materials to teach two high school students with mental retardation the four situations for subtraction. This is a mixed methods study using a simple…

The addition and subtraction of integers is the first major avenue, and roadblock, to student success in learning algebra. This article describes a hands-on activity using a regular deck of playing cards that facilitates class discussion and helps students overcome this initial roadblock. (Contains 14 figures.)

The author taught one group using the traditional subtraction algorithm and one using an equal additions algorithm. Students in the latter group showed greater success than the former. (SD)

The study involving 183 learning disabled and 852 nondisabled children (grades 3 through 6), investigated students' performance on arithmetic basic fact problems in addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Three separate group administered tests were devised, covering 98 basic addition, 98 subtraction, and 98 multiplication facts. Children were…

A technique for adding and subtracting integers is presented as an alternative to the number line. White and black chips are used to represent positive and negative integers, respectively. (MP)