This study examines the differential effects of spatial density on five-year-old children who were divided into "low" and "high" on dimensions of hyperactivity-distractibility, anxiety, hostility-aggressiveness, behavior disturbance, and motor inhibition. Sex differences in interaction with the above behavioral dimensions were…

To examine the use of factual and inferential questions as adjunct material in prose learning, a study was undertaken in which undergraduate introductory psychology students used different study strategies on a prose comprehension test consisting of an equal number of factual and inferential multiple-choice items. One-hundred twenty students were…

The development of the Evaluation Instrument for Experimental Research (EIFER), an inventory for appraising research quality, is described. The EIFER was specifically designed to aid students in introductory courses in educational and psychological research methods to evaluate published research reports. A survey conducted among specialists in…

This booklet cites evidence indicating that intelligence can be trained, given a physiologically normal student and an intensely persistant tutor. Methodologies for increasing mental efficiency have in common the principle of coordination of physical and mental processes, whether achieved by simple relaxation training, brain polarization, or…

In a longitudinal field experiment, 42 groups were assembled on the factors of individual ability and attitude similarity resulting in a 2 x 2 crossed ANOVA design. These groups then worked on six projects which spanned a three-month time period. For each project, measures of group performance and group cohesion were taken. Analyses showed that…

The effect of three levels of short-term memory (STM) and four learning modes (control, chunking organizational strategy, programmed instruction, and adjunct questions) on prose learning and recall was studied. The participants in this study were educational psychology students at Towson State College in Maryland. Significant STM and learning mode…

This paper discusses the need for innovative research paradigms in assessing the impact of television on children. Past research has shown that television, as part of a child's environment, can influence the social behavior of young children in positive and negative ways. It is suggested that researchers now study ways in which children's…

This paper reports on a study concerned with rapid mental operations of the central processor as it performs tasks such as the comparison of rotated figures, mental arithmetic, sentence verification, and memory scanning. The central processor is the site of most of the symbol manipulation that takes place in the human information processing…

This study relates Eric Berne's theory of Transactional Analysis to the effectiveness of advertising messages. A 30 item Personality Mode Test was constructed in order to assess subject agreement with statements reflecting Berne's three personality states: parent (social evaluative), adult (controlled rationality), and child (emotiveness). After…

This study was designed to investigate the effects of male versus female deviants on the small discussion group. One hundred undergraduates were assigned to 25 discussion groups, with two male students and two female students in each group. They were presented with a decision-making task, which was presented to group members as an exercise in…

This experiment determined relationships between Machiavellianism, locus of control, and cognitive style. One hundred fifteen subjects, 56 males and 59 females, ages 18 to 21, were selected from Interim students at Texas Lutheran College, Sequin, Texas. The Mach IV test measured Machiavellian tendencies. The I-E scale measured external attitudes.…

Expectancy estimates, performance scores, level of aspiration, and attribution scores were collected from 160 high school seniors. Performance involved a symbol coding test introduced as either a masculine or feminine task. Female expectancy estimates were lower than male on both tasks. Females expected to lose under direct competition,…

The study investigates whether procrastination in Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) can be alleviated by two behavior-modification techniques. The efficacy of oral urging with praise by the proctor and a point reward for the early completion of units in reducing student procrastination behavior in two PSI psychology courses are examined. In…

Socialization practices as they are directed at boys and girls and as they relate to need for achievement, especially to differences in levels of need, were compared in a study population of 42 fifth-grade children, 21 boys and 21 girls, and their mothers. Both mothers and children were given the standard TAT measure scored for need for…

In research conducted "over a period of 20 years" on aptitudes of high level personnel, the purpose was to analyze thinking abilities or processes into their unique components. The approach was through study of individual differences in performance on intellectual tasks varied systematically over broad ranges of psychological functioning.…