The size of the exercising muscle is critical in the determination of the maximal physiological response to exercise. (MM)

A study was made of physiological responses of five autistic children (mean age seven years six months) to variations in environmental load in order to examine the under- vs over-arousal dichotomy. (Author)

Exercise prescribed in terms of distance or time and without regard to intensity is unlikely to produce a beneficial training result. (MM)

Rope jumping is a good, all-around, physical exercise, promoting cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. (MJB)

Notes several factors which affect the readability of a printed message and contends that current typographical devices and styles are contrary to the fundamentals of eye physiology and detrimental to established reading habits. Available from: The Journal of Biocommunication, D. Raney, 3215 Haddon Road, Durham, NC 27705. (MH)

Data from two separate experiments conducted to ascertain the optimum protocol for a maximum anaerobic work output test on the bicycle ergometer indicated that the test duration needs to be approximately forty seconds and the optimal frictional resistance five to six kilograms. (MB)

Many students have difficulty visualizing the delineation of the embryonic body from the flat germ disc. An easily-constructed model is described that has been used successfully to convey the dynamics of embryological events at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. (LBH)

Some methods for evaluating movements are reviewed and their usefulness for neuropediatric diagnosis discussed. (SBH)

Comparison of steroid-free male and female bodybuilders with sedentary controls and runners revealed that the bodybuilders had lower percentages of body fat. One-third of the female bodybuilders reported menstrual abnormalities. Lipid values of bodybuilders were comparable to a group of lean, aerobically trained athletes. (Author/CB)

Case studies indicate that the cosmetic athlete, who exercises primarily to attain or maintain an attractive physical appearance, may overwork unconditioned muscles and stress the spine and other structures. (Author/CB)

Under the careful supervision of a trained fitness professional, the benefits of prepubescent strength training (improved strength, power, muscular endurance, bone density) outweigh the risks (acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries). (CB)

A study of effects of squatting exercise on heart rate and blood lactate levels in trained and untrained males indicated that trained subjects performed more work and had higher heart rates and lactate levels at exhaustion untrained subjects, though heart rate and lactate levels were lower for trained subjects at a given bar mass or submaximal…

A study of 11 obese adults who exercised with hand weights concludes that using the weights increases the energy demands of walking but only slightly. Research and results are presented and analyzed. (JL)

The effects of stretching techniques on arterial blood pressure (ABP) were studied in three groups of 20 men each. Each group performed one of three proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques. Results are presented. The study indicates that the benefits of stretching may outweigh the risk of elevated ABP. (JL)