Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that toddlers have access to an analog-magnitude number representation that supports numerical reasoning about relatively large numbers. Three-year-olds were presented with subtraction problems in which initial set size and proportions subtracted were systematically varied. Two sets of cookies…

This article describes the impact of thinking about addition and subtraction facts instead of rotely memorizing them.

This article describes a recent and successful initiative on teaching place value and the decomposition method of subtraction to pupils having difficulty with this technique in the 9-12-year age range. The aim of the research was to explore whether using the metaphor of selling chews (i.e., sweets) in a tuck shop and developing this into an iconic…

The experiment reported here investigated how verbalization of subtraction with regrouping operations influenced learning disabled students' self-efficacy and skillful performance, and also explored how effort attributional feedback affected these achievement behaviors. Learning disabled students (N=90) from grades 6 through 8 received training…

This booklet, one of a series, has been developed for the project, A Program for Mathematically Underdeveloped Pupils. A project team, including inservice teachers, is being used to write and develop the materials for this program. The materials developed in this booklet include (1) the addition and subtraction of whole numbers on the number line,…

Using drawings of various monsters to explain and enhance the learning activities, this arithmetic/mathematics curriculum guide begins with exercises requiring basic number identification. The remainder of the guide includes over one hundred addition and subtraction activities including crossword puzzles, maps, and number matching. (SH)

A concrete approach to subtraction problems with minuends to 19 is presented. (MP)

Learning disabled elementary school children can learn subtraction skills with the aid of "hide and seek" number concept cards and a five-step sequence: (1) find a way to work it out, (2) add to check, (3) look for subtraction "partners," (4) group facts into "families," and (5) practice. (CB)

Three studies were conducted to determine the sources and frequency of children's subtraction errors and to examine four approaches to remediation (questioning about solution procedures, rewards, instruction, or feedback for performance). The results are discussed in terms of cost efficiency and constraints imposed by realities of today's…

The results of a study of third-graders' performance in solving certain open sentences, and implications for teaching open sentences are discussed. (DT)

Programing a computer to list subtraction palindromes is discussed. Sample programs and output are included. (MNS)

Children who lacked subtraction skills received didactic training in subtraction with effort attributional feedback concerning past achievement, with feedback concerning future achievement, or with no feedback. Results showed that attributional feedback for past achievement led to more rapid progress in mastering subtraction operations, greater…

Very specific suggestions for teaching subtraction facts using addition are given. Several activities are suggested. (MK)