Because the Reagan and Bush administrations accentuated the negative about American schools, there was little mention of U.S. students' average performance on the geography part of the 1992 Second International Assessment of Educational Progress. On the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (1994), U.S. eighth graders finished slightly…

Explores and illustrates the range of ways in which the design of mathematics examination tasks can be influenced by graphics calculators from the perspective of the people designing the exams. Also discusses principles for awarding partial credit to student responses. (Author/PVD)

Evaluated whether variance due to computer-based presentation was associated with performance on a new constructed-response type, Mathematical Expression, that requires students to enter expressions. No statistical evidence of construct-irrelevant variance was detected for the 178 undergraduate and graduate students, but some examinees reported…

Agrees with the conclusions of C. Bolon about the relationship between per capita income and school mean grade mathematics grade 10 scores on the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment but takes issue with the methodology, considering it inadequate to support the conclusions. (SLD)

An item response model for multiple-choice items is described and illustrated in item analysis. The model provides parametric and graphical summaries of the performance of each alternative associated with a multiple-choice item. The illustrative application of the model involves a pilot test of mathematics achievement items. (TJH)

Possible ways of mechanization for counting using a binary system are discussed. Shows a binary representation of the numbers and geometric models having eight triples of lamps. Provides three problem sets. (YP)

Two perspectives that frame the aspects of the debate on assessment issues are analyzed. The "count-everybody" perspective calls for national standards over which all students would be tested. The "everybody-counts" perspective favors assessments that are developed from multiple perspectives. (MDH)

Presents a history of the question of whether or not to include coursework, versus only traditional exams, as part of the assessment for the British General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and discusses arguments for and against the inclusion of coursework. (MKR)

The partial credit model with a varying slope parameter is developed and called the generalized partial credit model (GPCM). Analysis results for simulated data by this and other polytomous item-response models demonstrate that the rating formulation of the GPCM is adaptable to the analysis of polytomous item responses. (SLD)

Discusses a mathematics competition in which 18,000 pupils in the educational district of Orleans (France) participated. Describes objectives, including promoting collective work, and stimulating interest in mathematics and science. (DB)

Presents two different research tests for teachers to conduct in their classrooms to gain insight into their students' number sense. Provides test results from Taiwan for comparison. (ASK)

Interviews with 30 British primary and secondary teachers about informal math-assessment practices revealed differences in perceptions of how students can change, teaching practices, learning styles, desired outcomes, and views of math. These differences can lead to inequities in the way students are treated in educational systems. (SK)

Outlines each of the papers presented in this special section, describes difficulties the arguments posed, and raises questions that might be put to the author of each of these discussions of new assessment methods in mathematics. Implications for the technology for the development of performance assessments are discussed. (SLD)

Describes three open-ended response types that could broaden the conception of mathematical problem solving used in computerized admissions tests: (1) mathematical expression (ME); (2) generating examples (GE); and (3) and graphical modeling (GM). Illustrates how combining ME, GE, and GM can form extended constructed response problems. (SLD)

Discusses an approach to analyzing performance assessments that identifies potential reasons for misfitting items and uses this information to improve on items and rubrics for these assessments. Illustrates the approach through a 53-item mathematics performance assessment completed by approximately 500 middle school students. (SLD)