A major premise of Piagetian theory relative to the periods of concrete and formal operations is that competence in specific logical operations is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite to competence in other specific logical operations. The present study tested for the existence of specific concrete operations and specific formal operations…

This study examines problems related to (1) the development of children's understanding of temporal cycles, and (2) the relationship between cyclic concepts and cognitive development. Piagetian tests of classification and seriation and a variety of specially designed cyclic tasks were administered to 62 children, ranging in age from 4 to 10 years.…

Explains why science education is necessary for primary grade pupils and provides examples of activities from the Science Curriculum Improvement Study, successfully used at this level. Discusses the possible contribution of research scientists to education, development of children's reasoning abilities and scientific literacy, and advantages of…

Provides a review of research on scientific reasoning in persons between ages 14 and 18. For the application, the ability to separate variables or use the concept of "all other things being equal" is termed scientific reasoning. Over 50 studies are referenced. (CP)

The results of this investigation are generally supportive of the hypothesis that the learning of prior presented high-order concepts and rules can result in both a facilitation and acceleration of the learning of meaningfully related subject-matter concepts and logical operations. (Author)

One law teacher uses writing assignments in a domestic relations course to teach the law, teach students how to think, and teach how to begin a legal task when it is not clear where to start. Students draft a petition for a dissolution and a letter to a client advising of the likely property settlement. (MSE)

Argues that teachers can easily structure social studies lessons to enhance students' thinking skills by using carefully structured focus questions. States that such questions--often beginning with such words as "is,""could,""should," does," and "can,"--go beyond asking for simple recall of facts or shallow explanation, to requesting the solution…

"Galileo," a team-taught interdisciplinary course required of all ninth grade students at Francis Parker, an urban school in Chicago, was based on the life of Galileo and its dramatization in a play by Brecht. The principal theme was the relationship between observation and inference, and the conflict between scientific knowledge and…

Describes a stage structure concern for children and phonics. Discusses that among all of the cognitive concepts and abilities constructed by young children, quantitative operations are most closely associated with early successful use of phonics. (JK)

Argues that primary grade level teachers must provide activities which promote thinking skills before expecting achievement in map, globe, and graphing skills. Provides examples of activities which may be used to promote the basic thinking skills which underlie all school work. (JDH)

Tested hypothesis that understanding validity of inference is a relatively late development by asking fourth and seventh graders and college students to sort sets of deductive arguments. None of fourth graders, 45 percent of seventh graders, and 85 percent of college students used validity as basis for distinguishing arguments. Experiments…

Argues that students should exercise criticism in the classroom, but this criticism should not take the form of mere training in technical skills, indoctrination into a particular conceptual system, or theoretical speculation ungrounded in reality. (SRT)

Reports on the development of a paper-pencil instrument which consists of five concrete experiences related to environmental concepts. Results indicate an acceptable level of validity. Results also show that the reasoning level of adolescents was well below the theoretical levels predicted for them by theory. (Author/JN)

Study One examined Swedish and American children's understanding of what constitutes fair criteria for the distribution of goods (i.e., distributive justice). Study Two compared children's distributive justice in family and peer contexts, and Study Three attempted a longitudinal assessment of distributive justice reasoning in two different…

A sampling of projects resulting from the Sloan Foundation's program of grants to encourage a central place for quantitative reasoning and technology in the college curriculum is presented. (MSE)