Research has shown that bone tissue responds to the forces of gravity and muscle contraction. The benefits of weight-bearing exercise in preventing or reversing bone mass loss related to osteoporosis is reviewed. The effects of weightlessness and immobilization, and the possible effects of athletic amenorrhea, on bone mineral density are…

Forty-eight runners with runner's knee were examined, treated, and studied for 8 months to identify the causes of this injury and its response to a particular regimen of conservative management. Results are discussed. (Author/DF)

Exchange of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) material between institutions is often impeded by incompatabilities of hardware, software, and curriculum. The use of a driver program is suggested to resolve these problems and facilitate exchange of instructional material. Technical details of the program described (and lessons used) are available…

The "fluency rules" therapy program for young children who stutter consists of seven rules designed to teach children about the physiologic concepts associated with fluent speech production. Pilot testing with nine children (three- to seven-years-old) demonstrated its effectiveness in producing fluent speech and maintaining fluency for a…

Healthy hematologic adaptations to exercise are described. The benefits of increased performance for elite athletes and reduced risk of heart attack for the general population are stressed. The advisability of increased amounts of fish in the diet and low doses of aspirin to reduce coronary risk factors are discussed. (Author/MT)

Discusses the physiology and biochemistry of the vitamin D endocrine system, including role of biological calcium and phosphorus, vitamin D metabolism, and related diseases. A 10-item, multiple-choice test which can be used to obtain continuing medical education credit is included. (JN)

This article focuses on three aspects of kinesiology: training principles, technique, and class design as they relate to injury prevention. Recommendations for prevention of some common dance injuries are offered. (MT)

Highlights the major parameters of current unemployment in the United States. Discusses the nature of stress, examines the stressful physical and emotional effects of being unemployed and the resulting behavior problems, and looks at the empirical and hypothetical links between unemployment, stress, and problems. (LLL)

Outlines the work of the anesthesiologist and the role of this doctor in medicine. Anesthetic procedures used for a gall bladder surgery are presented in detail. The potency of anesthetics pharmacology mechanisms producing unconsciousness and analgesia and equipment for anesthesiology are among the topic areas discussed. (DH)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) maintains salt and water balance. Discusses functions of the RAS as defined in mammalian species, considering how the system arose and what its original function was. Also discusses where some of the changes occurred in the system (and why) as well as other topics. (JN)

The sound /s/ is a problem for hearing-impaired children because most ear-level hearing aids and earmolds are not efficient in amplifying and transmitting high-frequency acoustic energy. With appropriate wideband hearing aids and wideband earmolds, fricatives such as /s/ should be audible to children with even a severe hearing loss. (Author/CL)

Although breathing is a universal activity among physicists (and others), few have bothered to estimate the number of molecules inhaled in a single average breath. Some simple calculations and comparisons related to this phenomenon are provided to improve students' appreciation of the awesome numbers related to Avogadro's number. (JN)

This study focuses upon the relationship between phase of the menstrual cycle and sexual arousability. Women (N=133) participated in an experiment that induced sexual arousal by means of an erotic story. Independent factors were use of contraceptive pills versus no contraceptive pills and phase of the menstrual cycle. (Author)

This paper shows that simple cardiovascular training can reduce the composition of body fat in college women. (RC)

Running performance and metabolic variables were evaluated in 28 college males during the period of a 10-week cross-country activity class. (RC)