Presents two studies done to identify problems students have in understanding the concepts of Darwinian evolution and adaptation. Results indicated poor understanding of the concept of time accounted for misconceptions in both studies (humans destroyed dinosaurs), and that only about 50 percent of students used logical reasoning. (JN)

A course in therapeutic decision-making, designed by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences is described. Goals were to introduce the student to a rational method of making therapeutic decisions and to give the student experience in formulating therapeutic plans. (MLW)

Piaget's characterization of formal operational thought and human judgment psychologists' model of bounded rationality are two conflicting models dealing with the nature and limits of mature thought. However, a look at the respective databases demonstrates their complementarity and their contribution to understanding mature cognition. (Author/RD)

The Logic Box, a mathematics laboratory device, is described. Students can solve simple problems, then go on and design moderately complex digital logic circuits in the program presented. (MP)

Evidence is provided to refute the suggestion, made by Macnamara et al. (1976), that four-year-old children perform logical operations corresponding to formal logic upon the sentential components of implicative verbs to produce indirect implications. It is argued that children use past knowledge plus additional premises to derive indirect…

Presents a rebuttal to Hidi and Hildyard's (1976) criticism of Macnamara et al.'s (1976) assertion regarding the ability of four-year-old children to grasp implicatives and presuppositions. (AM)

The article defends the teaching of philosophy at elementary and secondary levels and examines some existing precollege philosophy curricula; special attention is given to the American Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children and a Canadian effort to establish moral education in the schools. (SB)

The Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children, a nonprofit organization at Montclair State College in New Jersey, is dedicated to improving children's thinking skills and to training future elementary school teachers in the art of philosophical inquiry. (JMD)

These activities explore classification and logical reasoning by providing students with opportunities to generate multiple answers and engage in multiple classifications of the same item. No solutions are suggested so that students will look to themselves as the mathematical authorities. Sample items for classification include birthday months,…

Selects five critical elements for success in problem solving in mathematics and in computer programing: general strategy; planning; logical thinking; variables; and debugging. Describes the role of the five elements based on a literature review. Forty-one references are listed. (YP)

Describes a model that teaches a problem-solving process and provides students with the opportunity to practice, develop, and enhance their thinking skills. States that applying learning to real problems is needed to increase a student's thinking ability. Provides diagrams of the problem-solving cycle and levels of thinking. (RT)

Considers research concentrating on the correlation between knowledge structure and learning. Suggests implications of this research to classroom teaching. Cites characteristics of unsuccessful and successful problem solvers. (RT)

The authors argue that mathematics curricula and teachers should set as objectives the development of logical processes, concepts, and language. The teaching materials described in this article have been used to help second, fourth, and seventh graders become skillful in the use of logic. (PK)

Purdue University's School of Pharmacy has developed goals for its professional degree program that emphasize problem-solving and lifelong learning skills leading to the advancement of pharmaceutical practice. The next step is to link learning strategies across courses. (MSE)

Uses case studies to explore the pedagogical reasoning ability of second-year preservice primary teachers. Reports that the framework provided in a problem-based science education course enabled the teachers to refine their reasoning ability and to integrate their science knowledge, curriculum knowledge, and knowledge of learners. (Author/JRH)