A three-year study was made at a printing firm which had experienced rapid post-war expansion followed by conditions of tension, uncertainty, and confusion when some product lines were found to be in over supply or unprofitable. There was a growing distance between management and workers. An experimental program for three of the five company…

In this book, the author attempts to aid those persons involved in finding ways to make school systems more efficient and productive through control systems. He begins by stating the problem and describing the services provided by Research and Evaluation (R&E) units. He discusses the various monitoring and reporting activities, work-flow…

This document discusses the role of educational objectives in the construction of a program budget. Special emphasis is given to the necessity of specifying primary objectives--those that support basic values and fulfill community needs. Because primary objectives are at the top of the educational objectives hierarchy and provide the format for…

This paper makes a plea for major improvements in the management of American colleges and universities. Six innovative solutions are offered: (1) management development, (2) human organization, (3) creative environments, (4) participative styles of management, (5) management by objectives as an operating mode, and (6) performance and appraisal…

This document begins by defining and discussing educational planning. A brief overview of mathematical programing with an explanation of the general linear programing model is then provided. Some recent applications of mathematical programing techniques to educational planning problems are reviewed, and their implications for educational research…

This manual was prepared to provide local school districts with a model to follow in implementing a local planning-programing-budgeting system (PPBS). Section I (chapters 1-4) gives the basic concepts and overall design of a PPB system for local districts. Section II (chapters 5-7) describes computations used in a semiautomated PPBS version,…

This report is one of a series primarily intended for those engaged in or preparing for educational planning and administration--especially in developing countries--as well as for those government officials and civic leaders seeking a more general understanding of educational planning and its role in overall national development. This booklet…

Management by objectives, a systems approach to managerial leadership, can be of substantial benefit to organizations because it helps solve key problems in organizational administration. As a system, it (1) defines what is expected by specifying objectives, (2) elicits teamwork by identifying common goals, (3) programs work by setting terminal…

Containing articles published in recent issues of "Educational Technology" magazine, this volume in the review series provides an introduction to the systems approach. Included are articles which cover management demands and prerequisites, systems concepts and computers, personnel training, accountability, systems models for educational functions…

Rather than being motivated to assist people, individuals usually approach a career as a consultant with aspirations of obtaining prestige or supplementing their income. Being a speech teacher, although helpful, is not qualification enough for a position as a consultant in the areas of management and organizational behavior. The types of…

Originally conceived as a catalyst for educational reform, performance contracting by private firms will probably put itself out of business in the next few years because of its successes. School officials may continue to use it as a low risk, low cost vehicle for experimenting with innovative or untested learning programs, but its major value is…

Program budgeting is more than a neat method of budgeting by program; hence it requires more than just concentration on budgeting and accounting procedures. Program budgeting, basically a resource allocations system, stresses the setting of objectives, grouping activities into programs to meet the objectives, identifying the resources required by…

The American Management Association examined the feasibility of improving the effectiveness of educational institutions through business management principles. Target systems were the State Agency Executive Staff, the State Agency Division of Program Services, and two local districts each in Maryland and North Carolina. Each management team from…

This report constitutes an evaluation of the first year of a 2-year training program conducted by the American Management Association. The program focuses on organizational planning in two State educational agencies and involves the sequential implementation of three distinct, offsite, residential training efforts. The first of these, the…

To enable vocational educators to evaluate programs and account for the use of allocated resources, this monograph describes a rational decision-making process based on the Input, Process, Product, Impact conceptual structure for occupational education. In a rational management process, all management behavior is consistent with specified…