This article reviews the historiography of the origins of World War I in light of Fritz Fischer's book which places responsibility for the war on German economic ambitions. (DE)

The authors examine how European hopes for a renewal of the Christian world through a return to an Earthly Paradise influenced their colonization of the new world. (Author/DE)

Analyzes the economic and political responses to the Great Depression of the 1930s in Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, and Britain. States that economic policies had little direct effect on the survivability of governments during the 1930s. Concludes that processes of national consensus formation determined the survival or…

The evolution of diplomatic practices during the early Middle Ages is discussed. Research suggests that some techniques and methods began much earlier than most historians have assumed. Diplomatic efforts of Otto the Great, king of Germany, 936-973, and Holy Roman Emperor, 962-973, were studied. (RM)

Examines the historical evolution of the terms "culture" and "civilization" in Europe beginning with the medieval concept of the "studium," and focuses on the influence of the church in shaping these concepts. (RL)

Discussion of Medvedev's Let History Judge'' (New York: Knopf, 1971), an account of Stalin's role in the history of the Soviet Union. (RS)

An analysis of various points of controversy that has surrounded A.J.P. Taylor's Origins of the Second World War (London, 1961), an interpretation of the history of the inter-war years which has assumed such significance as to deserve designation as the Taylor Thesis.'' (JB)

Describes the theater of ideology in Nazi Germany, its goals, attitudes, and content, and its effect on German theater to this day. (AN)

Recounts the history and problems of European Economic Integration from the first post World War II organization, the OEEC, to the EEC (Common Market) and the EFTA. Suggestions for further reading are included. (JB)

William L. Shirer, author of Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, discusses a wide variety of subjects, including the personalities of Roosevelt and Hitler, why the Germans succumbed to Nazism, McCarthyism in the United States, and the heroic resistance of the Russians to German invasion. (CS)

Presents a model which describes the theories of kingship in Germany, France, and England between 800-1380 A.D. The three royal functions were defense of the realm, defense of the church, and material and moral improvement of royal subjects. (AM)

Surveys the status of freedom of the press in eighteenth and nineteenth century Europe, noting that although preliminary censorship was abolished in most of Europe by 1850, governments devised other means to influence what appeared in print. (GT)

Examines data collected for a book on human accomplishment to investigate whether Western accomplishments in the arts and sciences has been too much at center stage. Data include inventories of people and events assembled from major histories and encyclopedic sources, covering the period from 800 BC to 1950. Concludes that since 1400, Europe has…

Drawing on a range of sources in the history of play, this article discusses how play for all ages mirrors social change, especially but not exclusively in America. The article explores three broad themes from colonial times to the present: first, how play was shaped by changes in work and time at work; second, how play activities were transformed…

We analyse the way in which the Holocaust is taught in The Netherlands, with an emphasis on critically examining the content of secondary school textbooks used to teach Dutch students about the history of the Holocaust. We also interview Dutch educators, government officials and academics about the state of Dutch Holocaust education. Our findings…